Sturl Hrafn 11II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 736.
Brunnu ‘burned’
(not checked:)
2. brenna (verb; °brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn): (strong, intransitive)
búmanna ‘farmers’
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búmaðr (noun m.; °; ·menn, gen. ·manna): farmer
notes
[1, 2] ódygðar búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’: Formed on the model of the cpd ódygðarmaðr ‘faithless man’ (see Fritzner: údygðarmaðr). Ódygðra búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’ (so Flat) is also possible, but less likely in view of the other ms. witnesses.
bygðir ‘The dwellings’
(not checked:)
byggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): dwelling, settlement
ó ‘’
(not checked:)
ó- ((prefix)): un- < ódyggð (noun f.): faithlessness
notes
[1, 2] ódygðar búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’: Formed on the model of the cpd ódygðarmaðr ‘faithless man’ (see Fritzner: údygðarmaðr). Ódygðra búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’ (so Flat) is also possible, but less likely in view of the other ms. witnesses.
dygðar ‘of faithless’
(not checked:)
dyggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): virtue < ódyggð (noun f.): faithlessness
[2] ‑dygðar: ‑dygðra Flat
notes
[1, 2] ódygðar búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’: Formed on the model of the cpd ódygðarmaðr ‘faithless man’ (see Fritzner: údygðarmaðr). Ódygðra búmanna ‘of faithless farmers’ (so Flat) is also possible, but less likely in view of the other ms. witnesses.
heitr ‘hot’
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heitr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hot, ardent
[3] heitr: heit Flat
var ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[3] var: so 325X, í F, Flat, var í 8
haf ‘in the sea’
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea < hafsætr (noun n.)
[3] haf‑: hálm 8, ‘h[…]n’ 325X, hjálm Flat
notes
[3] hafsætrum ‘in the sea-settlements’: Hap. leg. Cf. norðsætra ‘of the northern settlements’, st. 6/4 above.
sætrum ‘settlements’
(not checked:)
sætr (noun n.; °-s; -): [seat, settlements] < hafsætr (noun n.)
notes
[3] hafsætrum ‘in the sea-settlements’: Hap. leg. Cf. norðsætra ‘of the northern settlements’, st. 6/4 above.
hallar ‘of the hall’
(not checked:)
1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall
kennings
lífgalli hallar‘the life-harm of the hall ’
= FIRE
the life-harm of the hall → FIRE
líf ‘the life’
(not checked:)
líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life < lífgalli (noun m.)
kennings
lífgalli hallar‘the life-harm of the hall ’
= FIRE
the life-harm of the hall → FIRE
notes
[4] lífgalli ‘the life-harm’: Hap. leg.
galli ‘harm’
(not checked:)
1. galli (noun m.): destruction < lífgalli (noun m.)
[4] ‑galli: so all others, galla F
kennings
lífgalli hallar‘the life-harm of the hall ’
= FIRE
the life-harm of the hall → FIRE
notes
[4] lífgalli ‘the life-harm’: Hap. leg.
Fellu ‘fell’
(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall
flein ‘spear’
(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear < fleinþollr (noun m.): spear-fir
[5] flein‑: fleiri 8
kennings
Feigir fleinþollar‘Doomed spear-firs ’
= WARRIORS
Doomed spear-firs → WARRIORS
notes
[5] fleinþollar ‘spear-firs [WARRIORS]’: Following Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 99), Skj B emends to fúrþollar ‘fire-firs’ and takes the cpd with svanteigar ‘of the swan-field’ (i.e. ‘sea’) (l. 6) to form the kenning svanteigar fúrþollar ‘firs of the fire of the swan-field’ (i.e. ‘firs of gold’, ‘generous men’). That emendation is unnecessary if svanteigar ‘of the swan-field’ is construed with herdróttum ‘by the war-bands’ (l. 8) in the sense ‘sea-warriors’ (see NN §2292). Fleinþollr ‘spear-firs’ is otherwise attested as a kenning for ‘warrior’ (see LP: fleinþollr).
þollar ‘firs’
(not checked:)
þollr (noun m.): fir-tree < fleinþollr (noun m.): spear-fir
kennings
Feigir fleinþollar‘Doomed spear-firs ’
= WARRIORS
Doomed spear-firs → WARRIORS
notes
[5] fleinþollar ‘spear-firs [WARRIORS]’: Following Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 99), Skj B emends to fúrþollar ‘fire-firs’ and takes the cpd with svanteigar ‘of the swan-field’ (i.e. ‘sea’) (l. 6) to form the kenning svanteigar fúrþollar ‘firs of the fire of the swan-field’ (i.e. ‘firs of gold’, ‘generous men’). That emendation is unnecessary if svanteigar ‘of the swan-field’ is construed with herdróttum ‘by the war-bands’ (l. 8) in the sense ‘sea-warriors’ (see NN §2292). Fleinþollr ‘spear-firs’ is otherwise attested as a kenning for ‘warrior’ (see LP: fleinþollr).
feigir ‘Doomed’
(not checked:)
feigr (adj.; °compar. -ari/ri): fated to die, fey, dead
kennings
Feigir fleinþollar‘Doomed spear-firs ’
= WARRIORS
Doomed spear-firs → WARRIORS
svan ‘of the swan’
(not checked:)
svanr (noun m.; °-s; -ir): swan < svanteigr (noun m.): [swan-field]
kennings
svanteigar‘of the swan-field ’
= SEA
the swan-field → SEA
teigar ‘field’
(not checked:)
teigr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar, acc. -a/-u): field, land < svanteigr (noun m.): [swan-field]
kennings
svanteigar‘of the swan-field ’
= SEA
the swan-field → SEA
suðr ‘in the south’
(not checked:)
2. suðr (adv.): south, in the south
kennings
sæskíðum.‘the sea-skis.’
= SHIPS
the sea-skis. → SHIPS
kennings
sæskíðum.‘the sea-skis.’
= SHIPS
the sea-skis. → SHIPS
her ‘by the war’
(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herdrótt (noun f.)
[8] her‑: lið 325X
dróttum ‘bands’
(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop < herdrótt (noun f.)
[8] ‑dróttum: drótta Flat
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The Norwegians who were on Bute went to the Scottish mainland where they burned and pillaged. One of the crew members called Ruadri, who claimed to have an inherited right to Bute and who had earlier been outlawed by the Scottish king, was especially active during this campaign.
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