Steinn Óldr 5II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Steinn Herdísarson, Óláfsdrápa 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 371-2.
Austr ‘to the east’
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3. austr (adv.; °compar. -ar, superl. -ast): east, in the east
helt ‘steered’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
Engla ‘of the English’
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Englar (noun m.): English people
kennings
Ótvínn þrýstir Engla,‘The unwavering oppressor of the English, ’
= Óláfr
The unwavering oppressor of the English, → Óláfr
kennings
Ótvínn þrýstir Engla,‘The unwavering oppressor of the English, ’
= Óláfr
The unwavering oppressor of the English, → Óláfr
ótvínn ‘unwavering’
(not checked:)
ótvínn (adj.): unwavering
[2] ótvínn: ‘otvín’ Mork, ‘ot vín’ Flat, ‘otvíns’ H, ‘ottvíns’ Hr
kennings
Ótvínn þrýstir Engla,‘The unwavering oppressor of the English, ’
= Óláfr
The unwavering oppressor of the English, → Óláfr
notes
[2] ótvínn ‘undivided, unwavering’: For a discussion of this word, see Nj 1875-8, II, 290-1, 374-5. See also Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 18/2 and Þfisk Lv 2/2.
sínu ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
[2] liði sínu: skipum sínum Flat
stóran ‘heavy’
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stórr (adj.): large, great
braut ‘broke’
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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy
notes
[3] braut ‘broke’: The verb is used impersonally with stóran straum ‘the heavy current’ (ll. 3, 4) as the object.
of ‘around’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
stýri ‘helm’
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stýri (noun n.; °-s; -): rudder
straum ‘current’
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straumr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): stream, current
kennings
sækonungr Rauma,‘the sea-king of the Raumar, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the sea-king of the Raumar, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[4] sækonungr ‘the sea-king’: Sæ ‘sea’ can technically either go with straum (straumsæ ‘sea-flow’; otherwise unattested) or be taken as the first element of the cpd sækonungr ‘sea-king’ (a king who rules at sea; also attested in Þul Sækonunga 5/8III and Hyndl 17/4). Because the word is presented as a cpd in H, the latter interpretation seems preferable (so Skald). Skj B takes sæ ‘sea’ with the first cl. (austr sæ ‘east of the sea’) and emends konungr (m. nom. sg.) ‘king’ to konungs (m. gen. sg.): braut stóran straum of stýri konungs Rauma ‘the heavy current broke around the helm of the king of the Raumar’, which creates an unprecedented tripartite l. and goes against the ms. witnesses (see NN §806, 890).
konungr ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < sækonungr (noun m.): [sea-kings]
kennings
sækonungr Rauma,‘the sea-king of the Raumar, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the sea-king of the Raumar, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
notes
[4] sækonungr ‘the sea-king’: Sæ ‘sea’ can technically either go with straum (straumsæ ‘sea-flow’; otherwise unattested) or be taken as the first element of the cpd sækonungr ‘sea-king’ (a king who rules at sea; also attested in Þul Sækonunga 5/8III and Hyndl 17/4). Because the word is presented as a cpd in H, the latter interpretation seems preferable (so Skald). Skj B takes sæ ‘sea’ with the first cl. (austr sæ ‘east of the sea’) and emends konungr (m. nom. sg.) ‘king’ to konungs (m. gen. sg.): braut stóran straum of stýri konungs Rauma ‘the heavy current broke around the helm of the king of the Raumar’, which creates an unprecedented tripartite l. and goes against the ms. witnesses (see NN §806, 890).
Rauma ‘of the Raumar’
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2. Raumar (noun m.; °-s; -ar): the Raumar
kennings
sækonungr Rauma,‘the sea-king of the Raumar, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the sea-king of the Raumar, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
Glaðr ‘warmly’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
tók ‘received’
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2. taka (verb): take
herr ‘inhabitants’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
heðra ‘here’
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heðra (adv.): here
hring ‘the ring-’
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringlestir (noun m.)
[6] hring‑: hyr‑ Flat
kennings
hringlestir‘the ring-damager ’
= GENEROUS RULER
the ring-damager → GENEROUS RULER
lestir ‘damager’
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lestir (noun m.): damager, destroyer < hringlestir (noun m.)
kennings
hringlestir‘the ring-damager ’
= GENEROUS RULER
the ring-damager → GENEROUS RULER
kom ‘arrived’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
vestan ‘from the west’
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vestan (prep.): from the west
allr ‘All’
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allr (adj.): all
við ‘’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
ǫflgum ‘mighty’
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ǫflugr (adj.): mighty, strong
stilli ‘ruler’
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
Óláfr ‘Óláfr’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
notes
[8] Óláfr: The [o:] in the first syllable of this name is secured by internal rhyme (Ól- : -ól-; see also sts 12/8 and 14/8), and Óláfr rather than the more archaic láfr is used passim in this poem, unless otherwise noted (see Note to st. 7/6 below). It is clear that the quality of the nasalised was very unstable at this time (see ANG §116).
borinn ‘born’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
sólu ‘sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Austr helt Engla þrýstir |
The unwavering oppressor of the English [= Óláfr], the sea-king of the Raumar [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr], steered his force to the east; the heavy current broke around the helm. All inhabitants received the mighty ruler warmly when the ring-damager [GENEROUS RULER] arrived here from the west. …Óláfr born [beneath] the sun.
As st. 4 above.
Óláfr returned to Norway from Orkney in 1067. — [8]: For this l. of the split refrain (klofastef), see Note to st. 1/8 above.
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