Steinn Óldr 11II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Steinn Herdísarson, Óláfsdrápa 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 376-7.
Enn ‘But’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
at ‘after’
notes
[1] at gǫrva gunni ‘after the finished battle’: This is taken as a prepositional phrase with both the adj. gǫrva ‘finished’ and gunni battle’ in the f. acc. sg. (for at + acc. in the meaning ‘after’, see Fritzner: at 1). If at gørva (or gerva) is taken as an inf. with bjósk ‘prepared’ (l. 2) (bjósk at gørva gunni ‘prepared to wage war’; so Skj B; Skald), við styr ramman ‘for fierce fighting’ (l. 2) becomes superfluous.
gǫrva ‘finished’
notes
[1] at gǫrva gunni ‘after the finished battle’: This is taken as a prepositional phrase with both the adj. gǫrva ‘finished’ and gunni battle’ in the f. acc. sg. (for at + acc. in the meaning ‘after’, see Fritzner: at 1). If at gørva (or gerva) is taken as an inf. with bjósk ‘prepared’ (l. 2) (bjósk at gørva gunni ‘prepared to wage war’; so Skj B; Skald), við styr ramman ‘for fierce fighting’ (l. 2) becomes superfluous.
gunni ‘battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle
notes
[1] at gǫrva gunni ‘after the finished battle’: This is taken as a prepositional phrase with both the adj. gǫrva ‘finished’ and gunni battle’ in the f. acc. sg. (for at + acc. in the meaning ‘after’, see Fritzner: at 1). If at gørva (or gerva) is taken as an inf. with bjósk ‘prepared’ (l. 2) (bjósk at gørva gunni ‘prepared to wage war’; so Skj B; Skald), við styr ramman ‘for fierce fighting’ (l. 2) becomes superfluous.
gramr ‘prince’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
við ‘for’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
styr ‘fighting’
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
ramman ‘fierce’
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rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
[2] ramman: rǫmmu H, rǫmmum Hr
herskildi ‘war-shield’
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herskjǫldr (noun m.): war-shield
notes
[3] herskildi ‘the war-shield’: See Note to Steinn Niz 7/7 above.
bað ‘commanded’
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biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray
halda ‘be brought’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
hraustgeðr ‘brave-minded’
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hraustgeðr (adj.): [brave-minded]
konungr ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
austan ‘from the east’
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austan (adv.): from the east
Út ‘out’
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út (adv.): out(side)
fœrðu ‘brought’
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2. fœra (verb): bring
lið ‘troops’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
lítlu ‘a little’
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lítill (adj.; °lítinn): little
notes
[5] lítlu ‘a little’: This adv. could also modify lið ‘troops’ (l. 5): lítlu meira lið ‘a little more troops’. — [6] lítlu fyr norðan Stað ‘a little north of Stadlandet’: Peninsula between Nordfjord and Sunnmøre, Norway.
lítlu ‘a little’
(not checked:)
lítill (adj.; °lítinn): little
notes
[5] lítlu ‘a little’: This adv. could also modify lið ‘troops’ (l. 5): lítlu meira lið ‘a little more troops’. — [6] lítlu fyr norðan Stað ‘a little north of Stadlandet’: Peninsula between Nordfjord and Sunnmøre, Norway.
lǫng ‘long’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
notes
[6] lǫng borð ‘the long ships’: Lit. ‘the long plankings’. Borð ‘planking’ used as pars pro toto for ‘ship’.
borð ‘ships’
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
notes
[6] lǫng borð ‘the long ships’: Lit. ‘the long plankings’. Borð ‘planking’ used as pars pro toto for ‘ship’.
fyr ‘’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
notes
[6] lítlu fyr norðan Stað ‘a little north of Stadlandet’: Peninsula between Nordfjord and Sunnmøre, Norway.
Stað ‘of Stadlandet’
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1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place
notes
[6] lítlu fyr norðan Stað ‘a little north of Stadlandet’: Peninsula between Nordfjord and Sunnmøre, Norway.
norðan ‘north’
(not checked:)
norðan (adv.): from the north
notes
[6] lítlu fyr norðan Stað ‘a little north of Stadlandet’: Peninsula between Nordfjord and Sunnmøre, Norway.
trôðu ‘set foot’
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troða (verb): tread
túnvǫll ‘on the farm-yard’
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túnvǫllr (noun m.): [on farm-yard]
kennings
túnvǫll reyðar.‘on the farm-yard of the whale.’
= SEA
on the farm-yard of the whale. → SEA
reyðar ‘of the whale’
(not checked:)
reyðr (noun f.; °; -ar): whale, rorqual
kennings
túnvǫll reyðar.‘on the farm-yard of the whale.’
= SEA
on the farm-yard of the whale. → SEA
notes
[7] reyðar ‘of the whale’: Reyðr is a baleen whale (rorqual), any whale of the species Balaenoptera. In ModIcel. reyðarhvalur refers specifically to the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). See also HSn Lv 2/3 and Anon Nkt 2/2. Reyðr is also a fish, the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). See Note to Sturl Hrafn 7/8 and Sturl Hákfl 2/1.
tveir ‘two’
(not checked:)
tveir (num. cardinal): two
notes
[8] tveir dǫglingar ‘two noblemen’: According to H-Hr, these were Óláfr and his brother, Magnús. In Mork the conflict with Denmark takes place after the death of Magnús (1069), and the two noblemen are not identified (Óláfr and Sveinn Úlfsson?). If sts 9-11 are misplaced in their present contexts, however (see Note to st. 9/4 above), the two noblemen who set out from the east would be Óláfr and his father, Haraldr, embarking on their expedition west to England via Orkney in 1066. The likelihood of that being the case is strengthened by the use of the adv. austan ‘from the east’ (l. 4), because an army sailing westwards from the western coast of Norway could hardly end up in Denmark. According to Hkr (ÍF 28, 175-8), Haraldr and Óláfr sailed from Trondheim (north of Stadlandet) to the islands of Solund at the estuary of Sognefjorden and then west to Shetland and Orkney.
dǫglingar ‘noblemen’
(not checked:)
dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[8] dǫglingar: so H, Hr, ‘dꜹlingar’ Mork
notes
[8] tveir dǫglingar ‘two noblemen’: According to H-Hr, these were Óláfr and his brother, Magnús. In Mork the conflict with Denmark takes place after the death of Magnús (1069), and the two noblemen are not identified (Óláfr and Sveinn Úlfsson?). If sts 9-11 are misplaced in their present contexts, however (see Note to st. 9/4 above), the two noblemen who set out from the east would be Óláfr and his father, Haraldr, embarking on their expedition west to England via Orkney in 1066. The likelihood of that being the case is strengthened by the use of the adv. austan ‘from the east’ (l. 4), because an army sailing westwards from the western coast of Norway could hardly end up in Denmark. According to Hkr (ÍF 28, 175-8), Haraldr and Óláfr sailed from Trondheim (north of Stadlandet) to the islands of Solund at the estuary of Sognefjorden and then west to Shetland and Orkney.
meira ‘more’
(not checked:)
meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As sts 7-10 above. In Mork this is the seventh st. in the sequence. H-Hr creates a new prose environment from the poetic content.
[5-8]: In the second helmingr other eds (Skj B; Skald) emend trðu ‘set foot on’ (l. 7) to trðut ‘did not set foot on’ and meira (n. acc. sg.) ‘more’ (l. 8) to meiri (m. nom. pl.) ‘more, greater’ and read tveir dǫglingar meiri trðut túnvǫll reyðar ‘two greater noblemen never set foot on the farm-yard of the whale’.
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