SnSt Lv 5^III

Her ‘of army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

Her ‘of army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

Her ‘of army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

fanga ‘tunics’

(not checked:)
fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

fanga ‘tunics’

(not checked:)
fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

fanga ‘tunics’

(not checked:)
fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic < herfang (noun n.): booty

[1] Herfanga: Ganga 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

bauð ‘ordered’

(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite

Hringi ‘Hringr (‘Ring’)’

(not checked:)
2. Hringr (noun m.; °-s): Hringr

notes

[1, 4] Hringi ok Hilditanni ‘Hringr (“Ring”) and Hilditǫnn (“War-tooth”)’: The Danish legendary king Haraldr hilditǫnn Hrœreksson and his son-in-law, the Swedish king Sigurðr hringr Randvésson, known from Saxo (Saxo 2005, I, 8, 1, 1-5, 1, pp. 510-23) and Skjǫldunga saga (ÍF 35, 58-69). See also Notes to RvHbreiðm Hl 39 [All] and 41 [All]. The battle instigated by Óðinn and used as a frame of reference by Snorri here is the epic battle of Brávellir at which Haraldr hilditǫnn fell. According to legend, Óðinn participated in that battle disguised as Brúni, a counsellor of Haraldr’s, but he turned against Haraldr and ultimately killed him.

hjaldr ‘to fight’

(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle

[2] hjaldr: hjaldrs F, Flat

ein ‘The one’

(not checked:)
2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone < einskǫpuðr (noun m.)

[2] ein‑: en 42ˣ, eins 81a, 8

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

skǫpuðr ‘creator’

(not checked:)
skǫpuðr (noun m.): [creator] < einskǫpuðr (noun m.)

[2] ‑skǫpuðr: ‑skǫput F, ‘skop auðr’ 42ˣ

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

galdra ‘of incantations’

(not checked:)
galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation

[2] galdra: gjalda 42ˣ

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

galdra ‘of incantations’

(not checked:)
galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation

[2] galdra: gjalda 42ˣ

kennings

notes

[1, 2] einskǫpuðr galdra herfanga ‘the one creator of incantations of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLES > = Óðinn]’: The present interpretation follows TGT 1927. In Skj B Finnur Jónsson adopts Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s version (SnE 1848-87, III) of the helmingr and construes einskǫpuðr galdra ‘the one creator of incantations > = Óðinn]’ and hjaldr herfanga ‘the din of army-tunics [BYRNIES > BATTLE]’ (so also LP: herfang 2). Hjaldr is, however, much more common as a heiti for ‘battle’ than as a base-word in battle-kennings (see LP: hjaldr 1, 2). Björn Magnússon Ólsen (TGT 1884) takes herfanga ‘of army-struggles’ (with ‑fanga as a gen. pl. in the meaning ‘struggles, wrestling’) with einskǫpuðr ‘the one creator’ (einskǫpuðr herfanga ‘the one creator of army-struggles’ [BATTLES > WARRIOR > = Óðinn]’) and construes hjaldrgaldra ‘din-incantations’ as a kenning for ‘battle’.

Gautr ‘Gautr’

(not checked:)
2. Gautr (noun m.): Gautr, Óðinn

notes

[3] Gautr: One of Óðinn’s names (see Note to Þul Óðins 1/6).

hvatti ‘incited [them]’

(not checked:)
hvetja (verb): incite, urge

þrym ‘clash’

(not checked:)
þrymr (noun m.; °-s): din

[3] þrym: þó W, þrum 42ˣ, 8

notes

[3, 4] þann þrym ‘that clash’: Þrymr ‘noise, clash, tumult’ does not otherwise occur as a heiti for ‘battle’ (cf. LP: þrymr), and that circumstance could have prompted the variant Þróttar in the Hák mss (see Note to þreyta ‘to prolong’ above).

þreyta ‘to prolong’

(not checked:)
þreyta (verb): prolong, strive

[3] þreyta: þrautar W, þróttar E, F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat

notes

[3] þreyta ‘to prolong’: The reading of ms. A. Finnur Jónsson failed to include this variant in Skj A, and Kock (Skald; NN §2192), who based his edn on Skj A, regarded þreyta as Finnur’s emendation. He accordingly tried to make sense of the W reading and assumed the nonsensical cpd þrymþrautar, translated as ett rungande kraftprov ‘a resounding testimony of strength’. The variant Þróttar ‘of Þróttr <= Óðinn>’ in the Hák mss could be taken with þrym as a kenning for ‘battle’ (þrym Þróttar ‘noise of Þróttr’), but it must be a lectio facilior. Þrym Þróttar does not make sense syntactically, because the verb hvetja ‘incite’ is construed with acc. of person and gen. rei (hvetja e-n e-s ‘incite sby to sth.’) or with acc. of person and a prepositional phrase (hvetja e-n til e-s, at e-u). Cf. TGT 1884, 235 n. 3.

þann ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[3, 4] þann þrym ‘that clash’: Þrymr ‘noise, clash, tumult’ does not otherwise occur as a heiti for ‘battle’ (cf. LP: þrymr), and that circumstance could have prompted the variant Þróttar in the Hák mss (see Note to þreyta ‘to prolong’ above).

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[1, 4] Hringi ok Hilditanni ‘Hringr (“Ring”) and Hilditǫnn (“War-tooth”)’: The Danish legendary king Haraldr hilditǫnn Hrœreksson and his son-in-law, the Swedish king Sigurðr hringr Randvésson, known from Saxo (Saxo 2005, I, 8, 1, 1-5, 1, pp. 510-23) and Skjǫldunga saga (ÍF 35, 58-69). See also Notes to RvHbreiðm Hl 39 [All] and 41 [All]. The battle instigated by Óðinn and used as a frame of reference by Snorri here is the epic battle of Brávellir at which Haraldr hilditǫnn fell. According to legend, Óðinn participated in that battle disguised as Brúni, a counsellor of Haraldr’s, but he turned against Haraldr and ultimately killed him.

Hildi ‘Hilditǫnn (‘War’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle < hilditǫnn (noun f.)

notes

[1, 4] Hringi ok Hilditanni ‘Hringr (“Ring”) and Hilditǫnn (“War-tooth”)’: The Danish legendary king Haraldr hilditǫnn Hrœreksson and his son-in-law, the Swedish king Sigurðr hringr Randvésson, known from Saxo (Saxo 2005, I, 8, 1, 1-5, 1, pp. 510-23) and Skjǫldunga saga (ÍF 35, 58-69). See also Notes to RvHbreiðm Hl 39 [All] and 41 [All]. The battle instigated by Óðinn and used as a frame of reference by Snorri here is the epic battle of Brávellir at which Haraldr hilditǫnn fell. According to legend, Óðinn participated in that battle disguised as Brúni, a counsellor of Haraldr’s, but he turned against Haraldr and ultimately killed him.

tanni ‘tooth’)’

(not checked:)
tǫnn (noun f.; °tannar; tenn/tennr/tennar): tooth < hilditǫnn (noun f.)

[4] ‑tanni: ‑tannar W

notes

[1, 4] Hringi ok Hilditanni ‘Hringr (“Ring”) and Hilditǫnn (“War-tooth”)’: The Danish legendary king Haraldr hilditǫnn Hrœreksson and his son-in-law, the Swedish king Sigurðr hringr Randvésson, known from Saxo (Saxo 2005, I, 8, 1, 1-5, 1, pp. 510-23) and Skjǫldunga saga (ÍF 35, 58-69). See also Notes to RvHbreiðm Hl 39 [All] and 41 [All]. The battle instigated by Óðinn and used as a frame of reference by Snorri here is the epic battle of Brávellir at which Haraldr hilditǫnn fell. According to legend, Óðinn participated in that battle disguised as Brúni, a counsellor of Haraldr’s, but he turned against Haraldr and ultimately killed him.

Oflengi ‘For too long’

(not checked:)
oflengi (adv.): [For too long]

veldr ‘has caused’

(not checked:)
valda (verb): cause

[5] veldr: velkti 42ˣ, veldi 8

yngva ‘the rulers’’

(not checked:)
Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince

[5] yngva: yngvi 81a, ‘ungva’ 8

notes

[5] yngva ‘the rulers’’: Yngvi is a heiti for ‘sea-king’ and the name of various legendary persons (see Introduction to Þjóð Yt^I and Note to Þul Sea-kings 4/8). In the present stanza, the rulers referred to must be Hákon Hákonarson and Skúli Bárðarson.

ósætt ‘conflict’

(not checked:)
ósætt (noun f.): conflict

en ‘and’

(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and

vel ‘well’

(not checked:)
vel (adv.): well, very

mætti ‘would do’

(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might

her ‘the army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herstefnandi (noun m.)

kennings

stefnandi ‘summoner’

(not checked:)
stefnandi (noun m.): [summoner, driver] < herstefnandi (noun m.)

[7] ‑stefnandi: so all others, ‑stofnandi A

kennings

hafna ‘to reject’

(not checked:)
1. hafna (verb): abandon, reject

hans ‘his’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

[8] hans dóm: ‘hondom’ 42ˣ;    hans: hann E, 8, ‘hior’ F

dóm ‘judgement’

(not checked:)
dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix)

[8] hans dóm: ‘hondom’ 42ˣ;    dóm: dómr W

Vǫlundr ‘the Vǫlundr’

(not checked:)
Vǫlundr (noun m.): Vǫlundr

[8] Vǫlundr: vanlundr 42ˣ

kennings

notes

[8] Vǫlundr rómu ‘the Vǫlundr <legendary smith> of strife [WARRIOR = Gautr Jónsson]’: The smith Vǫlundr is the protagonist of Vǫlundarkviða (Vǫl). The name could also be used in poetry as a common noun for ‘smith’, but it is otherwise not attested as the base-word in a kenning (cf. LP: Vǫlundr). It is not immediately clear why Snorri uses this name in a warrior-kenning referring to Gautr Jónsson, but it could well have had negative connotations. According to Vǫl, Vǫlundr, through deceit, killed the two young sons of his captor, King Níðuðr of Sweden, and impregnated Níðuðr’s daughter, Bǫðvildr.

rómu ‘of strife’

(not checked:)
róma (noun f.): battle

[8] rómu: ‘rama’ 81a

kennings

notes

[8] Vǫlundr rómu ‘the Vǫlundr <legendary smith> of strife [WARRIOR = Gautr Jónsson]’: The smith Vǫlundr is the protagonist of Vǫlundarkviða (Vǫl). The name could also be used in poetry as a common noun for ‘smith’, but it is otherwise not attested as the base-word in a kenning (cf. LP: Vǫlundr). It is not immediately clear why Snorri uses this name in a warrior-kenning referring to Gautr Jónsson, but it could well have had negative connotations. According to Vǫl, Vǫlundr, through deceit, killed the two young sons of his captor, King Níðuðr of Sweden, and impregnated Níðuðr’s daughter, Bǫðvildr.