SnSt Ht 93III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 93’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1202.
Þengill ‘The lord’
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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler
lætr ‘makes’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
notes
[1] hǫpp ‘successes’: Altered to ‘havpp’ in R (R*).
hrest ‘flourish’
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hress (adj.; °superl. -astr): hearty
honum ‘him’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
fylgir ‘accompanies’
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2. fylgja (verb): follow, accompany
dáð ‘achievement’
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dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed
mest ‘the greatest’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
vísi ‘the leader’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
gefr ‘gives’
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gefa (verb): give
vel ‘nearly’
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vel (adv.): well, very
kennings
vel flest verbál‘nearly every sea-pyre ’
= PIECE OF GOLD
nearly every sea-pyre → PIECE OF GOLD
flest ‘every’
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
kennings
vel flest verbál‘nearly every sea-pyre ’
= PIECE OF GOLD
nearly every sea-pyre → PIECE OF GOLD
ver ‘sea’
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1. ver (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum/-um): sea < verbál (noun n.): [sea-pyre]
kennings
vel flest verbál‘nearly every sea-pyre ’
= PIECE OF GOLD
nearly every sea-pyre → PIECE OF GOLD
bál ‘pyre’
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bál (noun n.; °-s; -): fire < verbál (noun n.): [sea-pyre]
kennings
vel flest verbál‘nearly every sea-pyre ’
= PIECE OF GOLD
nearly every sea-pyre → PIECE OF GOLD
ólest ‘undamaged’
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ólestr (adj./verb p.p.): undamaged
Húfar ‘Hulls’
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húfr (noun m.; °dat. -i): hull
brutu ‘broke’
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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy
haf ‘ocean’
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
ljótt ‘the hideous’
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ljótr (adj.): ugly
heim ‘at his home’
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heim (adv.): home, back
notes
[6] létk jǫfur sótt heim ‘I visited the prince at his home’: Lit. ‘I let the prince be visited at his home’. In constructions with láta ‘let’ plus p. p., the participle usually agrees with the object in case, number and gender; hence we ought to have expected sóttan m. acc. sg. ‘visited’ agreeing with jǫfur m. acc. sg. ‘prince’. There are, however, instances in which the p. p. appears in n. sg. as here (cf. LP: 1. láta).
notes
[6] létk: Lit. ‘I let’. The reading of R, leit ek ‘I saw’, makes little sense in the context, and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds. — [6] létk jǫfur sótt heim ‘I visited the prince at his home’: Lit. ‘I let the prince be visited at his home’. In constructions with láta ‘let’ plus p. p., the participle usually agrees with the object in case, number and gender; hence we ought to have expected sóttan m. acc. sg. ‘visited’ agreeing with jǫfur m. acc. sg. ‘prince’. There are, however, instances in which the p. p. appears in n. sg. as here (cf. LP: 1. láta).
notes
[6] létk: Lit. ‘I let’. The reading of R, leit ek ‘I saw’, makes little sense in the context, and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds. — [6] létk jǫfur sótt heim ‘I visited the prince at his home’: Lit. ‘I let the prince be visited at his home’. In constructions with láta ‘let’ plus p. p., the participle usually agrees with the object in case, number and gender; hence we ought to have expected sóttan m. acc. sg. ‘visited’ agreeing with jǫfur m. acc. sg. ‘prince’. There are, however, instances in which the p. p. appears in n. sg. as here (cf. LP: 1. láta).
jǫfur ‘the prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
notes
[6] létk jǫfur sótt heim ‘I visited the prince at his home’: Lit. ‘I let the prince be visited at his home’. In constructions with láta ‘let’ plus p. p., the participle usually agrees with the object in case, number and gender; hence we ought to have expected sóttan m. acc. sg. ‘visited’ agreeing with jǫfur m. acc. sg. ‘prince’. There are, however, instances in which the p. p. appears in n. sg. as here (cf. LP: 1. láta).
sótt ‘visited’
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
notes
[6] létk jǫfur sótt heim ‘I visited the prince at his home’: Lit. ‘I let the prince be visited at his home’. In constructions with láta ‘let’ plus p. p., the participle usually agrees with the object in case, number and gender; hence we ought to have expected sóttan m. acc. sg. ‘visited’ agreeing with jǫfur m. acc. sg. ‘prince’. There are, however, instances in which the p. p. appears in n. sg. as here (cf. LP: 1. láta).
yngva ‘the ruler’
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Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince
notes
[7] lofar (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.) ‘praises’: The reading in R, lofa (3rd pers. pl. pres. indic.), is ungrammatical since the subject is in the sg., and it has been altered to lofar (R*).
ǫll ‘the entire’
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allr (adj.): all
drótt ‘court’
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
notes
[8] jarls ‘of the jarl’s’: The R reading, jarl (m. nom. or acc. sg.), does not fit the syntax and has been altered to jarls (R*).
notes
[8] sák ‘I saw’: The emendation and normalisation of ‘sa er’ ‘who’ to sák (sá ek) is necessary from a syntactical point of view and follows earlier eds.
frama ‘glory’
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frami (noun m.): success
gnótt ‘the abundance’
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gnótt (noun f.): abundance
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This is another variant called in minni runhenda (‘the lesser end-rhyme’), and the identical end-rhymes are confined to each helmingr. According to the commentary, it is a catalectic version of st. 92, and it is based on náhent ‘close-rhymed’ (st. 75) and hálfhnept ‘half-curtailed’ (st. 77). Whereas the odd lines can be construed as either náhent or hálfhnept, l. 4 is alhnept ‘completely curtailed’ (st. 78), and none of the remaining even lines corresponds structurally to the even lines given as examples of even náhent and hálfhnept lines. It could be that Snorri here compared ll. 2, 6 and 8 to odd náhent and hálfhnept lines, as defined by the fillers of the last two metrical positions (a monosyllable followed by a monosyllable in náhent and hálfhnept, and a short-stemmed disyllabic word followed by a monosyllable in hálfhnept). The metre is not attested elsewhere.
[4]: Skj B and Skald insert ok and read verbál ok ólest ‘sea-pyre and undamaged’ to restore a pentasyllabic line. However, that emendation makes the line unmetrical. — [5-8]: The visit referred to in this half-stanza must be Snorri’s previous stay at the Norwegian court (1218-20).
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