Anon Leið 31VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Leiðarvísan 31’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 168.
Dag ‘day’
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
réð ‘’
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
notes
[1] reis ‘[he] rose’: Line 1 echoes 30/1. The similarity of the ll. accounts for B’s scribal error, repeating ‘reð’ here. Sveinbjörn Egilsson makes the obvious correction to reis ‘rose’ in a marginal note to Jón Sigurðsson’s 444ˣ transcription.
sinn ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
sigri ‘victory’
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory
snjallastr ‘The most valiant’
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
kennings
Snjallastr faðir allra‘The most valiant father of all ’
= God
The most valiant father of all → God
faðir ‘father’
(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father
kennings
Snjallastr faðir allra‘The most valiant father of all ’
= God
The most valiant father of all → God
allra ‘of all’
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allr (adj.): all
kennings
Snjallastr faðir allra‘The most valiant father of all ’
= God
The most valiant father of all → God
sonr ‘the son’
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
kennings
sonr hauðrs sólar‘the son of the land of the sun ’
= God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the son of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[3] sonr ‘son’: The Christ-kenning sonr hauðrs sólar ‘son of the land of the sun’, based on a hypothetical kenning-type ‘son of heaven’ is without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Presumably for this reason Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) emends sonr to sjóli ‘prince’. This destroys the subtle theological structure of the st., however. Christ is referred to successively as all three persons of the Trinity: it is as faðir allra ‘father of all’ that he rises from the dead (l. 2), as sonr hauðrs sólar ‘son of the land of the sun’ that he comforts mankind (ll. 3-4) and as heilagr andi ‘holy spirit’ that he harrows hell (ll. 5-8).
huggaði ‘comforted’
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hugga (verb): comfort
sólar ‘of the sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
sonr hauðrs sólar‘the son of the land of the sun ’
= God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the son of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[4] hauðrs sólar ‘of the land of the sun’: This phrase appears as the second element in Christ kennings in Líkn 23/4 (also an account of the Resurrection), and in the Crucifixion account in Mgr 23/2-3. On the same model are hildingr hauðrs hvels mána ‘prince of the land of the wheel of the moon’ in Líkn 7/1-3 and skjǫldungr hauðrs skýja ‘prince of the land of the clouds’ in Mgr 25/3-4.
sólar ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
sonr hauðrs sólar‘the son of the land of the sun ’
= God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the son of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[4] hauðrs sólar ‘of the land of the sun’: This phrase appears as the second element in Christ kennings in Líkn 23/4 (also an account of the Resurrection), and in the Crucifixion account in Mgr 23/2-3. On the same model are hildingr hauðrs hvels mána ‘prince of the land of the wheel of the moon’ in Líkn 7/1-3 and skjǫldungr hauðrs skýja ‘prince of the land of the clouds’ in Mgr 25/3-4.
hauðrs ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
[4] hauðrs: so 624, ‘hau[...]’ B, hauð(r)s(?) 399a‑bˣ
kennings
sonr hauðrs sólar‘the son of the land of the sun ’
= God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the son of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[4] hauðrs sólar ‘of the land of the sun’: This phrase appears as the second element in Christ kennings in Líkn 23/4 (also an account of the Resurrection), and in the Crucifixion account in Mgr 23/2-3. On the same model are hildingr hauðrs hvels mána ‘prince of the land of the wheel of the moon’ in Líkn 7/1-3 and skjǫldungr hauðrs skýja ‘prince of the land of the clouds’ in Mgr 25/3-4.
hauðrs ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
[4] hauðrs: so 624, ‘hau[...]’ B, hauð(r)s(?) 399a‑bˣ
kennings
sonr hauðrs sólar‘the son of the land of the sun ’
= God
the land of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the son of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[4] hauðrs sólar ‘of the land of the sun’: This phrase appears as the second element in Christ kennings in Líkn 23/4 (also an account of the Resurrection), and in the Crucifixion account in Mgr 23/2-3. On the same model are hildingr hauðrs hvels mána ‘prince of the land of the wheel of the moon’ in Líkn 7/1-3 and skjǫldungr hauðrs skýja ‘prince of the land of the clouds’ in Mgr 25/3-4.
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
dauða ‘death’
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dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death
Áðr ‘Previously’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
batt ‘bound’
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binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie
flærðar ‘the deceit’
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flærð (noun f.): falsehood, deceit < flærðarfróðr (adj.)
fróðan ‘learned’
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fróðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): wise < flærðarfróðr (adj.)
fjanda ‘fiend’
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fjándi (noun m.; °-a; fjándr/fjándar/fjándir): enemy, devil
heilagr ‘Holy’
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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
andi ‘Spirit’
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andi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): spirit, soul
fast ‘fast’
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fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
fyrða ‘men’
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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man
leysti ‘released’
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leysa (verb): release, loosen, redeem
fremðar ‘the honour-’
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fremð (noun f.): honour < fremðarstyrkr (noun m.)
[8] fremðar‑: so 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]emdar’ B
styrkr ‘strong’
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2. styrkr (adj.): powerful, strong < fremðarstyrkr (noun m.)
ór ‘from’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
myrkrum ‘darkness’
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1. myrkr (noun n.; °myrkrs/myrks; -): darkness
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[1-4]: Christ’s Resurrection from the dead on Easter Sunday is described in Matt. XXVIII.1-8, Mark XVI.1-8, and Luke XXIV.1-10.
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