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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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SnSt Ht 76III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 76’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1187.

Snorri SturlusonHáttatal
757677

Hrannir ‘Waves’

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hrǫnn (noun f.; °; dat. -um): wave

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strýkva ‘stroke’

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strýkva (verb): [stroke, painted]

[1] strýkva: strýkja W

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hlaðinn ‘the loaded’

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2. hlaða (verb): heap, pile

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bekk ‘ship’

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1. bekkr (noun m.; °-jar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): bench

[1] bekk: borð W

notes

[1] bekk ‘ship’: Lit. ‘bench’. Taken here as pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (see LP: 2. bekkr 2; Falk 1912, 87; Meissner 96). Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, Skj B and Skald adopt the W variant hlaðin borð ‘stacked boards’ to avoid an apparent skothending (-ýk- : ‑ekk).

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haflauðr ‘sea-foam’

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haflauðr (noun n.): [sea-foam]

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skeflir ‘piles up breakers’

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2. skefla (verb): pile up, heap

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kasta ‘throws aside’

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1. kasta (verb): throw

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náir ‘’

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1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

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kjalar ‘of the keel’

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kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship

kennings

sǫltum stíg kjalar.
‘the salty path of the keel. ’
   = SEA

the salty path of the keel. → SEA
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stíg ‘path’

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1. stígr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar/-ir, acc. -a/-u): path

kennings

sǫltum stíg kjalar.
‘the salty path of the keel. ’
   = SEA

the salty path of the keel. → SEA
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kalt ‘the cold’

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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold

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hlýr ‘prow’

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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow

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sǫltum ‘the salty’

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saltr (adj.): [salt, salty]

kennings

sǫltum stíg kjalar.
‘the salty path of the keel. ’
   = SEA

the salty path of the keel. → SEA
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Svǫrtum ‘the black’

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svartr (adj.): black

kennings

svǫrtum skíðum hlunna
‘the black skis of rollers ’
   = SHIPS

the black skis of rollers → SHIPS
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hleypir ‘run’

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hleypa (verb): impell, make run

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svana ‘of swans’

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svanr (noun m.; °-s; -ir): swan

kennings

hríðfeld fjǫll svana
‘along the stormy mountains of swans ’
   = WAVES

along the stormy mountains of swans → WAVES
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fjǫll ‘mountains’

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1. fjall (noun n.): mountain

kennings

hríðfeld fjǫll svana
‘along the stormy mountains of swans ’
   = WAVES

along the stormy mountains of swans → WAVES
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snjallmæltr ‘The wise-spoken’

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snjallmæltr (adj./verb p.p.): [wise-spoken]

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stillir ‘ruler’

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stillir (noun m.): ruler

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hlunna ‘of rollers’

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hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

kennings

svǫrtum skíðum hlunna
‘the black skis of rollers ’
   = SHIPS

the black skis of rollers → SHIPS
Close

of ‘across’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

[7] of: á W

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Haka ‘of Haki’

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Haki (noun m.): Haki

kennings

veg Haka.
‘the road of Haki. ’
   = SEA

the road of Haki. → SEA
Close

veg ‘the road’

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1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side

kennings

veg Haka.
‘the road of Haki. ’
   = SEA

the road of Haki. → SEA
Close

hríðfeld ‘along the stormy’

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hríðfeldr (adj.): [along stormy]

kennings

hríðfeld fjǫll svana
‘along the stormy mountains of swans ’
   = WAVES

along the stormy mountains of swans → WAVES
Close

skíðum ‘skis’

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skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski

kennings

svǫrtum skíðum hlunna
‘the black skis of rollers ’
   = SHIPS

the black skis of rollers → SHIPS
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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

The metre is hnugghent ‘deprived-rhymed’. According to the commentary, the odd lines consist of seven syllables and have no internal rhymes. The difference between these odd lines and the odd lines in the previous stanza (st. 75) is that the penultimate word is a disyllabic short-stemmed word. If we assume resolution under primary stress (as indicated by the alliteration), these lines, too, can be treated as hexasyllabic, except l. 7 (barring emendation). The structure of the even lines is similar to those of sts 74-5 above, except that the internal rhyme, which here falls in positions 1 and 3, is skothent rather than aðalhent, except in l. 8 (and l. 4, if we assume aðalhending on a : ǫ, which is unlikely given the time of composition). All even lines have alliteration in position 1, and the odd lines have two alliterating staves: in position 1 and on the short-stemmed disyllabic word in penultimate position.

This metre is not attested elsewhere. — The rubric in R is lxviiii. — [7]: The line contains only six syllables, and Rask (SnE 1818, 262) added the adv. fram ‘forwards’ after hlunna ‘rollers’, which has been adopted by subsequent eds (aside from SnE 1848-87, SnE 1931 and SnE 2007). — [8]: Hríð- : skíð- form aðalhending rather than skothending, and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggested the reading stóðum ‘stud-horses’ (svǫrtum stóðum hlunna ‘the black stud-horses of the rollers,’ i.e. ‘the black ships’; adopted in Skj B and Skald).

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