SnSt Ht 61^III

Hræ ‘of the corpse’

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hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræljómi (noun m.): [corpse-gleam]

kennings

notes

[1] hrími hræljóma ‘the hostility of the corpse-gleam [SWORD > BATTLE]’: Fritzner: hrími, glosses this word as Fiendskab, Skade ‘hostility, damage’ (most likely derived from hrím ‘rime, hoarfrost’), and it has been taken in that meaning in the present edn. For similar kennings for ‘battle’ (Zorn, Erbitterung der Waffen ‘anger, fury of weapons’), see Meissner 201. Earlier eds treat hrími (m.) as synonymous with hrím ‘rime’ (n.; see above). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests Sværdene falde (lyne) så tæt omkring krigeren som dråberne i en regnbyge ‘The swords fall (flash) as densely around the warrior as the drops in a rainshower’, LP: hrími has ligstrålens rimdug falder, sværdbygen(s dråber) falder, kampen raser ‘the rime-dew of the corpse-gleam falls, (the drops of) the sword-shower fall, the battle rages’ and Skj B gives the translation Sværdbygen falder ‘The sword-shower falls’. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 124) glosses hrími as ‘rime, frost, dew’ and suggests that it refers to missiles falling like dew. Whereas there can be no doubt that Snorri intended the word hrími to be associated with something cold (cf. frost ‘frost’ l. 3, herkaldan ‘mightily cold’ l. 4, svelli ‘ice-sheet’ l. 7), hrími (and hrím) cannot mean ‘dew’, ‘drops’, ‘rainshower’; rather, hrím means ‘rime, hoarfrost’. It is difficult to see what type of kenning ‘the rime of the sword’ could be. It cannot be construed as a kenning for ‘battle’, and, unlike in st. 60/7 above where frør ‘frost’ was taken as the base-word in a kenning for ‘sword’ (and cf. frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’ l. 3), here hrími ‘hostility’ (or ‘sth. cold’) is qualified by the determinant hræljóma ‘of the corpse-gleam’ which is in itself a kenning for ‘sword’.

Hræ ‘of the corpse’

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hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræljómi (noun m.): [corpse-gleam]

kennings

notes

[1] hrími hræljóma ‘the hostility of the corpse-gleam [SWORD > BATTLE]’: Fritzner: hrími, glosses this word as Fiendskab, Skade ‘hostility, damage’ (most likely derived from hrím ‘rime, hoarfrost’), and it has been taken in that meaning in the present edn. For similar kennings for ‘battle’ (Zorn, Erbitterung der Waffen ‘anger, fury of weapons’), see Meissner 201. Earlier eds treat hrími (m.) as synonymous with hrím ‘rime’ (n.; see above). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests Sværdene falde (lyne) så tæt omkring krigeren som dråberne i en regnbyge ‘The swords fall (flash) as densely around the warrior as the drops in a rainshower’, LP: hrími has ligstrålens rimdug falder, sværdbygen(s dråber) falder, kampen raser ‘the rime-dew of the corpse-gleam falls, (the drops of) the sword-shower fall, the battle rages’ and Skj B gives the translation Sværdbygen falder ‘The sword-shower falls’. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 124) glosses hrími as ‘rime, frost, dew’ and suggests that it refers to missiles falling like dew. Whereas there can be no doubt that Snorri intended the word hrími to be associated with something cold (cf. frost ‘frost’ l. 3, herkaldan ‘mightily cold’ l. 4, svelli ‘ice-sheet’ l. 7), hrími (and hrím) cannot mean ‘dew’, ‘drops’, ‘rainshower’; rather, hrím means ‘rime, hoarfrost’. It is difficult to see what type of kenning ‘the rime of the sword’ could be. It cannot be construed as a kenning for ‘battle’, and, unlike in st. 60/7 above where frør ‘frost’ was taken as the base-word in a kenning for ‘sword’ (and cf. frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’ l. 3), here hrími ‘hostility’ (or ‘sth. cold’) is qualified by the determinant hræljóma ‘of the corpse-gleam’ which is in itself a kenning for ‘sword’.

ljóma ‘gleam’

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ljómi (noun m.; °-a): light, beam < hræljómi (noun m.): [corpse-gleam]

kennings

notes

[1] hrími hræljóma ‘the hostility of the corpse-gleam [SWORD > BATTLE]’: Fritzner: hrími, glosses this word as Fiendskab, Skade ‘hostility, damage’ (most likely derived from hrím ‘rime, hoarfrost’), and it has been taken in that meaning in the present edn. For similar kennings for ‘battle’ (Zorn, Erbitterung der Waffen ‘anger, fury of weapons’), see Meissner 201. Earlier eds treat hrími (m.) as synonymous with hrím ‘rime’ (n.; see above). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests Sværdene falde (lyne) så tæt omkring krigeren som dråberne i en regnbyge ‘The swords fall (flash) as densely around the warrior as the drops in a rainshower’, LP: hrími has ligstrålens rimdug falder, sværdbygen(s dråber) falder, kampen raser ‘the rime-dew of the corpse-gleam falls, (the drops of) the sword-shower fall, the battle rages’ and Skj B gives the translation Sværdbygen falder ‘The sword-shower falls’. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 124) glosses hrími as ‘rime, frost, dew’ and suggests that it refers to missiles falling like dew. Whereas there can be no doubt that Snorri intended the word hrími to be associated with something cold (cf. frost ‘frost’ l. 3, herkaldan ‘mightily cold’ l. 4, svelli ‘ice-sheet’ l. 7), hrími (and hrím) cannot mean ‘dew’, ‘drops’, ‘rainshower’; rather, hrím means ‘rime, hoarfrost’. It is difficult to see what type of kenning ‘the rime of the sword’ could be. It cannot be construed as a kenning for ‘battle’, and, unlike in st. 60/7 above where frør ‘frost’ was taken as the base-word in a kenning for ‘sword’ (and cf. frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’ l. 3), here hrími ‘hostility’ (or ‘sth. cold’) is qualified by the determinant hræljóma ‘of the corpse-gleam’ which is in itself a kenning for ‘sword’.

ljóma ‘gleam’

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ljómi (noun m.; °-a): light, beam < hræljómi (noun m.): [corpse-gleam]

kennings

notes

[1] hrími hræljóma ‘the hostility of the corpse-gleam [SWORD > BATTLE]’: Fritzner: hrími, glosses this word as Fiendskab, Skade ‘hostility, damage’ (most likely derived from hrím ‘rime, hoarfrost’), and it has been taken in that meaning in the present edn. For similar kennings for ‘battle’ (Zorn, Erbitterung der Waffen ‘anger, fury of weapons’), see Meissner 201. Earlier eds treat hrími (m.) as synonymous with hrím ‘rime’ (n.; see above). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests Sværdene falde (lyne) så tæt omkring krigeren som dråberne i en regnbyge ‘The swords fall (flash) as densely around the warrior as the drops in a rainshower’, LP: hrími has ligstrålens rimdug falder, sværdbygen(s dråber) falder, kampen raser ‘the rime-dew of the corpse-gleam falls, (the drops of) the sword-shower fall, the battle rages’ and Skj B gives the translation Sværdbygen falder ‘The sword-shower falls’. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 124) glosses hrími as ‘rime, frost, dew’ and suggests that it refers to missiles falling like dew. Whereas there can be no doubt that Snorri intended the word hrími to be associated with something cold (cf. frost ‘frost’ l. 3, herkaldan ‘mightily cold’ l. 4, svelli ‘ice-sheet’ l. 7), hrími (and hrím) cannot mean ‘dew’, ‘drops’, ‘rainshower’; rather, hrím means ‘rime, hoarfrost’. It is difficult to see what type of kenning ‘the rime of the sword’ could be. It cannot be construed as a kenning for ‘battle’, and, unlike in st. 60/7 above where frør ‘frost’ was taken as the base-word in a kenning for ‘sword’ (and cf. frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’ l. 3), here hrími ‘hostility’ (or ‘sth. cold’) is qualified by the determinant hræljóma ‘of the corpse-gleam’ which is in itself a kenning for ‘sword’.

fellr ‘approaches’

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falla (verb): fall

[1] fellr: felr all

notes

[1] fellr ‘approaches’: Felr ‘hides, covers’ has been altered in R to fellr ‘approaches, arrives’ (R*). All mss originally read felr hræljóma hrími, which can be taken as an impersonal construction and translated as ‘the corpse-gleam [SWORD] is covered with rime’. That makes little sense in the context, but indicates an attempt at lectio facilior at an early stage in the scribal transmission. For falla ‘approach, arrive’, see Fritzner: falla 8. Snorri clearly played on the different meanings of this verb (falla ‘fall’, falla ‘approach’) as well as those of hrími ‘hostility’ and hrím ‘rime’, i.e. ‘battle approaches’, ‘rime falls’ (see the similar play on the verb snýr ‘turns’ in st. 62/1 below).

hrími ‘The hostility’

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hrími (noun m.; °-a): [hostility]

kennings

notes

[1] hrími hræljóma ‘the hostility of the corpse-gleam [SWORD > BATTLE]’: Fritzner: hrími, glosses this word as Fiendskab, Skade ‘hostility, damage’ (most likely derived from hrím ‘rime, hoarfrost’), and it has been taken in that meaning in the present edn. For similar kennings for ‘battle’ (Zorn, Erbitterung der Waffen ‘anger, fury of weapons’), see Meissner 201. Earlier eds treat hrími (m.) as synonymous with hrím ‘rime’ (n.; see above). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) suggests Sværdene falde (lyne) så tæt omkring krigeren som dråberne i en regnbyge ‘The swords fall (flash) as densely around the warrior as the drops in a rainshower’, LP: hrími has ligstrålens rimdug falder, sværdbygen(s dråber) falder, kampen raser ‘the rime-dew of the corpse-gleam falls, (the drops of) the sword-shower fall, the battle rages’ and Skj B gives the translation Sværdbygen falder ‘The sword-shower falls’. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 124) glosses hrími as ‘rime, frost, dew’ and suggests that it refers to missiles falling like dew. Whereas there can be no doubt that Snorri intended the word hrími to be associated with something cold (cf. frost ‘frost’ l. 3, herkaldan ‘mightily cold’ l. 4, svelli ‘ice-sheet’ l. 7), hrími (and hrím) cannot mean ‘dew’, ‘drops’, ‘rainshower’; rather, hrím means ‘rime, hoarfrost’. It is difficult to see what type of kenning ‘the rime of the sword’ could be. It cannot be construed as a kenning for ‘battle’, and, unlike in st. 60/7 above where frør ‘frost’ was taken as the base-word in a kenning for ‘sword’ (and cf. frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’ l. 3), here hrími ‘hostility’ (or ‘sth. cold’) is qualified by the determinant hræljóma ‘of the corpse-gleam’ which is in itself a kenning for ‘sword’.

tími ‘time’

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tími (noun m.; °-a; -ar): time

kennings

hár ‘the opportune’

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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

kennings

vex ‘increases’

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vaxa (verb): grow, increase

[2] vex of: veg um W

of ‘around’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

[2] vex of: veg um W

gram ‘the ruler’

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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

sára ‘of wounds’

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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

[2] sára: sár Tˣ

kennings

sára ‘of wounds’

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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

[2] sára: sár Tˣ

kennings

ára ‘of oars’

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1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar

kennings

ára ‘of oars’

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1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar

kennings

frost ‘the frost’

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frost (noun n.): frost

kennings

notes

[3] frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’: Taken as a kenning for ‘sword’ here (see Note to st. 60/7 above). Again Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) treats this as a kenning for ‘battle’, as does Finnur Jónsson in LP: frost (so also Meissner 182). In Skj B, Finnur gives the translation kampfrosten ‘the battle-frost’ and it is not clear whether he takes this in a literal or figurative meaning. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 111: frost) opts for ‘sword’, but leaves open the possibility that this could be a battle-kenning. In the Old Norse poetic corpus, frost occurs once as a base-word in an apparent kenning for ‘battle’ (Sigv Nesv 3/3^I frost odda ‘the frost of points [BATTLE]’), and according to LP: frost (with reference to Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3) the word can also denote fjældstorme ‘storms in the mountain’. Hence, by extension, it would fit Meissner’s category Unwetter ‘storm, rough weather’ as base-words in battle-kennings (Meissner 178-82). That meaning of frost is not attested in prose, however (see Fritzner: frost), and in the stanza (Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3) adduced in LP as evidence for frost ‘storms in the mountains’, the poet simply describes waves that were ‘nourished by frost’ (of alnar við frost) with no clear indication as to whether we are dealing with a static or dynamic phenomenon.

nemr ‘hits’

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1. nema (verb): to take

[3] nemr: venr Tˣ, W

of ‘around’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

notes

[3] of hlyn Hristar ‘around the maple of Hrist <valkyrie> [WARRIOR]’: Earlier eds connect this prepositional phrase with fellr ‘arrives’ taken in the meaning ‘fall’ (l. 1; see Notes above), which creates an extremely awkward tripartite construction in l. 3.

hlyn ‘the maple’

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hlynr (noun m.; °-s): maple

[3] hlyn: so W, hlynr R, Tˣ

kennings

notes

[3] hlyn ‘the maple’: Hlynr (m. nom. sg.) ‘maple’ has been altered in R to hlyn (m. acc. or dat. sg.) (R*). — [3] of hlyn Hristar ‘around the maple of Hrist <valkyrie> [WARRIOR]’: Earlier eds connect this prepositional phrase with fellr ‘arrives’ taken in the meaning ‘fall’ (l. 1; see Notes above), which creates an extremely awkward tripartite construction in l. 3.

hlyn ‘the maple’

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hlynr (noun m.; °-s): maple

[3] hlyn: so W, hlynr R, Tˣ

kennings

notes

[3] hlyn ‘the maple’: Hlynr (m. nom. sg.) ‘maple’ has been altered in R to hlyn (m. acc. or dat. sg.) (R*). — [3] of hlyn Hristar ‘around the maple of Hrist <valkyrie> [WARRIOR]’: Earlier eds connect this prepositional phrase with fellr ‘arrives’ taken in the meaning ‘fall’ (l. 1; see Notes above), which creates an extremely awkward tripartite construction in l. 3.

Hristar ‘of Hrist’

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Hrist (noun f.): Hrist

kennings

notes

[3] of hlyn Hristar ‘around the maple of Hrist <valkyrie> [WARRIOR]’: Earlier eds connect this prepositional phrase with fellr ‘arrives’ taken in the meaning ‘fall’ (l. 1; see Notes above), which creates an extremely awkward tripartite construction in l. 3.

Mistar ‘of Mist’

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Mist (noun f.): Mist

kennings

notes

[3] frost Mistar ‘the frost of Mist <valkyrie> [SWORD]’: Taken as a kenning for ‘sword’ here (see Note to st. 60/7 above). Again Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) treats this as a kenning for ‘battle’, as does Finnur Jónsson in LP: frost (so also Meissner 182). In Skj B, Finnur gives the translation kampfrosten ‘the battle-frost’ and it is not clear whether he takes this in a literal or figurative meaning. Faulkes (SnE 2007, 111: frost) opts for ‘sword’, but leaves open the possibility that this could be a battle-kenning. In the Old Norse poetic corpus, frost occurs once as a base-word in an apparent kenning for ‘battle’ (Sigv Nesv 3/3^I frost odda ‘the frost of points [BATTLE]’), and according to LP: frost (with reference to Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3) the word can also denote fjældstorme ‘storms in the mountain’. Hence, by extension, it would fit Meissner’s category Unwetter ‘storm, rough weather’ as base-words in battle-kennings (Meissner 178-82). That meaning of frost is not attested in prose, however (see Fritzner: frost), and in the stanza (Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3) adduced in LP as evidence for frost ‘storms in the mountains’, the poet simply describes waves that were ‘nourished by frost’ (of alnar við frost) with no clear indication as to whether we are dealing with a static or dynamic phenomenon.

herkaldan ‘the mightily cold’

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herkaldr (adj.): [mightily cold]

þrǫm ‘rim’

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þrǫmr (noun m.; °dat. þremi; gen. þrama): rail, rim

skjaldar ‘of the shield’

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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield

aldar ‘of the men’

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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age

Gull ‘The gold’

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gull (noun n.): gold < gullsendir (noun m.): [gold-dispenser]

kennings

sendir ‘dispenser’

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sendir (noun m.): sender, distributor < gullsendir (noun m.): [gold-dispenser]

kennings

brýtr ‘breaks’

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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy

grundar ‘of the ground’

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grund (noun f.): earth, land

kennings

notes

[5, 6] hreggi grundar Hrundar ‘during the storm of the ground of Hrund <valkyrie> [SHIELD > BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time (see st. 59/1-2 above).

grundar ‘of the ground’

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grund (noun f.): earth, land

kennings

notes

[5, 6] hreggi grundar Hrundar ‘during the storm of the ground of Hrund <valkyrie> [SHIELD > BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time (see st. 59/1-2 above).

Hrundar ‘of Hrund’

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Hrund (noun f.): Runde, Hrund, valkyrie

kennings

notes

[5, 6] hreggi grundar Hrundar ‘during the storm of the ground of Hrund <valkyrie> [SHIELD > BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time (see st. 59/1-2 above).

Hrundar ‘of Hrund’

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Hrund (noun f.): Runde, Hrund, valkyrie

kennings

notes

[5, 6] hreggi grundar Hrundar ‘during the storm of the ground of Hrund <valkyrie> [SHIELD > BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time (see st. 59/1-2 above).

gunn ‘of the battle’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnveggr (noun m.): [battle-wall]

[6] gunnveggs: ‘gull[…]’ Tˣ

kennings

gunn ‘of the battle’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnveggr (noun m.): [battle-wall]

[6] gunnveggs: ‘gull[…]’ Tˣ

kennings

veggs ‘wall’

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1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall < gunnveggr (noun m.): [battle-wall]

[6] gunnveggs: ‘gull[…]’ Tˣ

kennings

veggs ‘wall’

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1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall < gunnveggr (noun m.): [battle-wall]

[6] gunnveggs: ‘gull[…]’ Tˣ

kennings

stǫfum ‘of staves’

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stafr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): staff, post, stave, stick

kennings

leggi ‘the legs’

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leggr (noun m.; °-jar, dat. -; -ir): limb

[6] leggi hreggi: hreggi leggi W

notes

[6] leggi (m. acc. pl.) ‘legs’: The word leggr can mean ‘leg, arm’ or ‘limb’ in general.

hreggi ‘during the storm’

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hregg (noun n.): storm

[6] leggi hreggi: hreggi leggi W

kennings

notes

[5, 6] hreggi grundar Hrundar ‘during the storm of the ground of Hrund <valkyrie> [SHIELD > BATTLE]’: This is a dat. of time (see st. 59/1-2 above).

sókn ‘of the attack’

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sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sóknvǫllr (noun m.): [attack-meadow]

kennings

notes

[7] svelli sóknvallar ‘by the ice-sheet of the attack-meadow [SHIELD > SWORD]’: Most earlier eds take sóknvǫllr ‘attack-meadow’ in a literal sense (‘battlefield’, hap. leg.; see LP: sóknvǫllr and SnE 2007, 149). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, III), Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B (and, as an option, SnE 2007, 153: svellir) construes svelli as the dat. sg. of an agent noun, svellir ‘increaser’ and svelli sóknvallar ‘the increaser of the battlefield [WARRIOR]’ as the dat. object of skotnar (‘thus it turns out for the warrior’), which forces a quadripartite l. 7 (see NN §3262).

sókn ‘of the attack’

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sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sóknvǫllr (noun m.): [attack-meadow]

kennings

notes

[7] svelli sóknvallar ‘by the ice-sheet of the attack-meadow [SHIELD > SWORD]’: Most earlier eds take sóknvǫllr ‘attack-meadow’ in a literal sense (‘battlefield’, hap. leg.; see LP: sóknvǫllr and SnE 2007, 149). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, III), Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B (and, as an option, SnE 2007, 153: svellir) construes svelli as the dat. sg. of an agent noun, svellir ‘increaser’ and svelli sóknvallar ‘the increaser of the battlefield [WARRIOR]’ as the dat. object of skotnar (‘thus it turns out for the warrior’), which forces a quadripartite l. 7 (see NN §3262).

vallar ‘meadow’

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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < sóknvǫllr (noun m.): [attack-meadow]

kennings

notes

[7] svelli sóknvallar ‘by the ice-sheet of the attack-meadow [SHIELD > SWORD]’: Most earlier eds take sóknvǫllr ‘attack-meadow’ in a literal sense (‘battlefield’, hap. leg.; see LP: sóknvǫllr and SnE 2007, 149). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, III), Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B (and, as an option, SnE 2007, 153: svellir) construes svelli as the dat. sg. of an agent noun, svellir ‘increaser’ and svelli sóknvallar ‘the increaser of the battlefield [WARRIOR]’ as the dat. object of skotnar (‘thus it turns out for the warrior’), which forces a quadripartite l. 7 (see NN §3262).

vallar ‘meadow’

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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < sóknvǫllr (noun m.): [attack-meadow]

kennings

notes

[7] svelli sóknvallar ‘by the ice-sheet of the attack-meadow [SHIELD > SWORD]’: Most earlier eds take sóknvǫllr ‘attack-meadow’ in a literal sense (‘battlefield’, hap. leg.; see LP: sóknvǫllr and SnE 2007, 149). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, III), Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B (and, as an option, SnE 2007, 153: svellir) construes svelli as the dat. sg. of an agent noun, svellir ‘increaser’ and svelli sóknvallar ‘the increaser of the battlefield [WARRIOR]’ as the dat. object of skotnar (‘thus it turns out for the warrior’), which forces a quadripartite l. 7 (see NN §3262).

spyrk ‘I hear that’

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spyrja (verb; spurði): ask; hear, find out

[7] spyrk (‘spyr ek’): so Tˣ, W, ‘spvr ec’ R

notes

[7] spyrk ‘I hear’: So Tˣ, W. In R ‘spvr ec’ has been altered to ‘spyr ec’ (R*).

svelli ‘by the ice-sheet’

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svell (noun n.; °; -): ice

kennings

notes

[7] svelli sóknvallar ‘by the ice-sheet of the attack-meadow [SHIELD > SWORD]’: Most earlier eds take sóknvǫllr ‘attack-meadow’ in a literal sense (‘battlefield’, hap. leg.; see LP: sóknvǫllr and SnE 2007, 149). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, III), Möbius (SnE 1879-81, I, 81) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Skj B (and, as an option, SnE 2007, 153: svellir) construes svelli as the dat. sg. of an agent noun, svellir ‘increaser’ and svelli sóknvallar ‘the increaser of the battlefield [WARRIOR]’ as the dat. object of skotnar (‘thus it turns out for the warrior’), which forces a quadripartite l. 7 (see NN §3262).

elli ‘old age’

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elli (noun f.; °-): old age

svá ‘thus’

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svá (adv.): so, thus

skotnar ‘turns out’

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skjóta (verb): shoot

þat ‘it’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

gotna ‘people’s’

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gotnar (noun m.): men

þrotna ‘is cut short’

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þrotna (verb): cut short

[8] þrotna: ‘[…]a’ Tˣ

notes

[8] þrotna ‘is cut short’: It is unclear whether þrotna is an inf. ‘come to an end, be prevented’ or f. acc. sg. of the p. p. of þrjóta ‘be deprived of’ (spyrk gotna þrotna elli svelli sóknvallar ‘I hear that men are deprived of old age by the sword’).