SnSt Ht 46III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 46’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1155.
Virðandi ‘The appraiser’
(not checked:)
virðandi (noun m.; °; -endr): guardian, appraiser
kennings
Virðandi skerja liðar‘The appraiser of the limb’s skerries ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the limb’s skerries → GOLD
The appraiser of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
gefr ‘gives’
(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give
virðum ‘to men’
(not checked:)
virðr (noun m.): man
ver ‘ocean’
(not checked:)
1. ver (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum/-um): sea < verbál (noun n.): [sea-pyre]
kennings
verbál;‘ocean-pyre ’
= GOLD
ocean-pyre → GOLD
bál ‘pyre’
(not checked:)
bál (noun n.; °-s; -): fire < verbál (noun n.): [sea-pyre]
[2] ‑bál: so all others, ‑báls R
kennings
verbál;‘ocean-pyre ’
= GOLD
ocean-pyre → GOLD
liðar ‘of the limb’s’
(not checked:)
liðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. liðu): joint, limb
[2] liðar: ‘ladar’ Tˣ
kennings
Virðandi skerja liðar‘The appraiser of the limb’s skerries ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the limb’s skerries → GOLD
The appraiser of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
liðar ‘of the limb’s’
(not checked:)
liðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. liðu): joint, limb
[2] liðar: ‘ladar’ Tˣ
kennings
Virðandi skerja liðar‘The appraiser of the limb’s skerries ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the limb’s skerries → GOLD
The appraiser of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
skerja ‘skerries’
(not checked:)
sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry
kennings
Virðandi skerja liðar‘The appraiser of the limb’s skerries ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the limb’s skerries → GOLD
The appraiser of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
skerja ‘skerries’
(not checked:)
sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry
kennings
Virðandi skerja liðar‘The appraiser of the limb’s skerries ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the limb’s skerries → GOLD
The appraiser of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
gleðr ‘gladdens’
(not checked:)
gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice
vell ‘the gold’
(not checked:)
vell (noun n.): gold < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
kennings
vellbroti‘the gold-breaker ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the gold-breaker → GENEROUS MAN
broti ‘breaker’
(not checked:)
broti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): breaker < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
[3] ‑broti: so all others, ‑brjóti R
kennings
vellbroti‘the gold-breaker ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the gold-breaker → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[3] -broti (m. nom. sg.) ‘-breaker’: The R variant, -brjóti (m. dat. sg.) ‘-breaker’ is metrically possible but cannot be construed to make any sense syntactically.
vellum ‘gold’
(not checked:)
vell (noun n.): gold
verðung ‘the crew’
(not checked:)
verðung (noun f.): troop, retinue
afar ‘with extremely’
(not checked:)
afar (adv.): exceedingly < afarþungr (adj.)
[4] afar‑: so all others, ‘avrar’ R
þungum ‘heavy’
(not checked:)
þungr (adj.): heavy < afarþungr (adj.)
Ýtandi ‘The despatcher’
(not checked:)
ýtandi (noun m.): giver, launcher
kennings
Ýtandi auðs‘The despatcher of wealth ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The despatcher of wealth → GENEROUS MAN
fremr ‘promotes’
(not checked:)
fremja (verb): advance, perform
ýta ‘people’
(not checked:)
ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
kennings
Ýtandi auðs‘The despatcher of wealth ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The despatcher of wealth → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[6] auðs ‘of wealth’: Altered to auð in R (R*).
sæ ‘sea’
(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < sæfuni (noun m.): [sea-flame]
kennings
rauðum sæfuna,‘with red sea-flame ’
= GOLD
with red sea-flame → GOLD
funa ‘flame’
(not checked:)
funi (noun m.): fire < sæfuni (noun m.): [sea-flame]
kennings
rauðum sæfuna,‘with red sea-flame ’
= GOLD
with red sea-flame → GOLD
rauðum ‘with red’
(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red
kennings
rauðum sæfuna,‘with red sea-flame ’
= GOLD
with red sea-flame → GOLD
þars ‘where’
(not checked:)
þars (conj.): where
mætum ‘the worthy’
(not checked:)
mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected
mæti ‘for valuable objects’
(not checked:)
mæti (noun n.; °; -): precious thing
mar ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
1. marr (noun m.): sea < marblakkr (noun m.): [sea-steed]
kennings
skipendr marblakks‘occupants of the sea-steed ’
= SEAFARERS
the sea-steed → SHIPS
occupants of SHIPS → SEAFARERS
mar ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
1. marr (noun m.): sea < marblakkr (noun m.): [sea-steed]
kennings
skipendr marblakks‘occupants of the sea-steed ’
= SEAFARERS
the sea-steed → SHIPS
occupants of SHIPS → SEAFARERS
blakks ‘steed’
(not checked:)
1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < marblakkr (noun m.): [sea-steed]
kennings
skipendr marblakks‘occupants of the sea-steed ’
= SEAFARERS
the sea-steed → SHIPS
occupants of SHIPS → SEAFARERS
blakks ‘steed’
(not checked:)
1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < marblakkr (noun m.): [sea-steed]
kennings
skipendr marblakks‘occupants of the sea-steed ’
= SEAFARERS
the sea-steed → SHIPS
occupants of SHIPS → SEAFARERS
skipendr ‘occupants’
(not checked:)
skipandi (noun m.): [occupants]
kennings
skipendr marblakks‘occupants of the sea-steed ’
= SEAFARERS
the sea-steed → SHIPS
occupants of SHIPS → SEAFARERS
þakka ‘thank’
(not checked:)
1. þakka (verb): thank
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Virðandi gefr virðum |
The appraiser of the limb’s skerries [GOLD > GENEROUS MAN] gives ocean-pyre [GOLD] to men; the gold-breaker [GENEROUS MAN] gladdens the crew with extremely heavy gold. The despatcher of wealth [GENEROUS MAN] promotes people with red sea-flame [GOLD] where occupants of the sea-steed [SHIPS > SEAFARERS] thank the worthy lord for valuable objects.
The dróttkvætt variant is samhent ‘coincidental-rhymed’. The odd lines have aðalhendingar which fall on the alliterating syllables, thus causing a repetition of root syllables (the same rhetorical device as in st. 45 above).
Like rétthent ‘consistently rhymed’ (st. 42 above), this rhyme scheme in the odd lines does occur elsewhere, but not systematically. — The heading in Tˣ is 38.
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