SnSt Ht 44III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 44’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1153.
Frama ‘honour’
(not checked:)
frami (noun m.): success
notes
[1] skotnar gram frama ‘the lord is allotted honour’: The verb skotna ‘allot, be allotted’ is construed impersonally with gram ‘the lord’ in the dat. and frama ‘honour’ in the acc.
skotnar ‘is allotted’
(not checked:)
skjóta (verb): shoot
notes
[1] skotnar gram frama ‘the lord is allotted honour’: The verb skotna ‘allot, be allotted’ is construed impersonally with gram ‘the lord’ in the dat. and frama ‘honour’ in the acc.
notes
[1] skotnar gram frama ‘the lord is allotted honour’: The verb skotna ‘allot, be allotted’ is construed impersonally with gram ‘the lord’ in the dat. and frama ‘honour’ in the acc.
gotnum ‘to men’
(not checked:)
gotnar (noun m.): men
gjǫf ‘the gift’
(not checked:)
gjǫf (noun f.): gift
sannask ‘is made good’
(not checked:)
2. sanna (verb): prove
kennings
rǫf spannar‘the amber of the grip ’
= GOLD
the amber of the grip → GOLD
spannar ‘of the grip’
(not checked:)
spǫnn (noun f.; °spannar; gen. spanna): grip
kennings
rǫf spannar‘the amber of the grip ’
= GOLD
the amber of the grip → GOLD
men ‘the necklace’
(not checked:)
2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring < menstiklir (noun m.): necklace-distributor
kennings
menstiklir‘the necklace-distributor ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the necklace-distributor → GENEROUS MAN
stiklir ‘distributor’
(not checked:)
stiklir (noun m.): thrower, dispenser < menstiklir (noun m.): necklace-distributor
kennings
menstiklir‘the necklace-distributor ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the necklace-distributor → GENEROUS MAN
manndýrðir ‘manly virtues’
(not checked:)
manndýrð (noun f.): many qualities
skýrðar ‘to be displayed’
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1. skýra (verb): explain, interpret
Herfjǫlð ‘the great quantity’
(not checked:)
herfjǫlð (noun f.): great quantity
notes
[5] herfjǫlð ‘the great quantity’: Her- functions as an intensifier here (see Note to Sturl Hákfl 5/1-4II).
bera ‘wear’
(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
hǫlðar ‘freeholders’
(not checked:)
hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man
hag ‘of the elaborate’
(not checked:)
2. hagr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): skilful < hagbál (noun n.): [elaborate pyre]
kennings
hagbáls lagar;‘of the elaborate pyre of the ocean; ’
= GOLD
the elaborate pyre of the ocean; → GOLD
notes
[6] -báls ‘pyre’: In R -báls (n. gen. sg.) has been altered to -bál (R*).
báls ‘pyre’
(not checked:)
bál (noun n.; °-s; -): fire < hagbál (noun n.): [elaborate pyre]
kennings
hagbáls lagar;‘of the elaborate pyre of the ocean; ’
= GOLD
the elaborate pyre of the ocean; → GOLD
notes
[6] -báls ‘pyre’: In R -báls (n. gen. sg.) has been altered to -bál (R*).
lagar ‘of the ocean’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea
kennings
hagbáls lagar;‘of the elaborate pyre of the ocean; ’
= GOLD
the elaborate pyre of the ocean; → GOLD
stála ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
kennings
Valdi stála‘The ruler of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The ruler of swords → WARRIOR
friðask ‘makes peace’
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friða (verb): pacify
sjaldan ‘seldom’
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sjaldan (adv.): seldom
við ‘with’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[7] við; valdi ‘with; the ruler’: Valdi is a m. nom. sg. noun (the subject of friðask ‘makes peace’; see NN §3146). The prep. við ‘with’ that precedes this noun is not a part of the same phrase but rather part of the prepositional phrase við herfjǫlð hagbáls lagar ‘(makes peace) with the great quantity of the elaborate pyre of the ocean’. The enclitic prep. við carries alliteration and internal rhyme, and a monosyllabic proclitic prep. cannot receive full stress in dróttkvætt.
valdi ‘The ruler’
(not checked:)
1. valdi (noun m.): ruler
kennings
Valdi stála‘The ruler of swords ’
= WARRIOR
The ruler of swords → WARRIOR
notes
[7] við; valdi ‘with; the ruler’: Valdi is a m. nom. sg. noun (the subject of friðask ‘makes peace’; see NN §3146). The prep. við ‘with’ that precedes this noun is not a part of the same phrase but rather part of the prepositional phrase við herfjǫlð hagbáls lagar ‘(makes peace) with the great quantity of the elaborate pyre of the ocean’. The enclitic prep. við carries alliteration and internal rhyme, and a monosyllabic proclitic prep. cannot receive full stress in dróttkvætt.
val ‘of the falcon’
(not checked:)
2. valr (noun m.; °-s): falcon < valland (noun n.): [falcon-land]
[8] vallands: ‘vanðz’ U
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
val ‘of the falcon’
(not checked:)
2. valr (noun m.; °-s): falcon < valland (noun n.): [falcon-land]
[8] vallands: ‘vanðz’ U
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
lands ‘land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < valland (noun n.): [falcon-land]
[8] vallands: ‘vanðz’ U
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
lands ‘land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < valland (noun n.): [falcon-land]
[8] vallands: ‘vanðz’ U
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
svala ‘cool’
(not checked:)
svalr (adj.): cool
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
branda ‘fires’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
svala branda vallands.‘cool fires of the falcon-land. ’
= GOLD
the falcon-land. → ARM
cool fires of the ARM → GOLD
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The lord is allotted honour; the gift is made good; the amber of the grip [GOLD] accustoms itself greatly to men; the necklace-distributor [GENEROUS MAN] caused manly virtues to be displayed. The ruler of swords [WARRIOR] seldom makes peace with the great quantity of the elaborate pyre of the ocean [GOLD]; freeholders wear cool fires of the falcon-land [ARM > GOLD].
As st. 43 above, except that there are two pairs of aðalhendingar in the odd lines. The variant is called alhent ‘completely rhymed’.
This rhyme scheme is very rare, but attested in Klœ Lv, which Snorri uses to illustrate alhent (given in Ht after the present stanza; see also Refr Giz 3). According to Sturlunga saga (Stu 1878, I, 244), Snorri also composed his two earlier praise poems to Skúli in this metre, and ll. 2-3 of the stef of one of these poems (SnSt SkúldrIV), transmitted in Stu, are in alhent. — The heading in Tˣ is 36.
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