SnSt Ht 43III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 43’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1152.
Sam ‘of’
(not checked:)
samr (adj.; °compar. -ari): same < 2. samþykki (noun n.): concord
[1] Sam‑: corrected from Sann‑ W
notes
[1] samþykkjar ‘of accord’: In R ‘Samþickiar’ (a later spelling) has been altered to ‘Samþyckiar’ (R*).
þykkjar ‘accord’
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þykki (noun n.): [accord] < 2. samþykki (noun n.): concord
notes
[1] samþykkjar ‘of accord’: In R ‘Samþickiar’ (a later spelling) has been altered to ‘Samþyckiar’ (R*).
fremr ‘promotes’
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fremja (verb): advance, perform
søkkum ‘with treasures’
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2. søkk (noun n.): treasure
[1] søkkum: so all others, ‘sꜹckv’ R
notes
[1] søkkum ‘with treasures’: In R ‘sꜹckv’ has been altered to søkkvi (acc. or dat. sg.) ‘destroyer’ (R*). It is possible that an abbreviation for <ir> has been erased at the end of ‘sꜹckv’ in R (Skj A reads ‘sꜹckvir’), but if so, that abbreviation is no longer legible.
snar ‘The bold’
(not checked:)
snarr (adj.): gallant, bold < snarbaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Snar-Baldr hjarar‘The bold Baldr of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
The bold Baldr of the sword → WARRIOR
notes
[2] snar-Baldr ‘the bold Baldr <god>’: So all mss. All earlier eds render the cpd as an adj. plus a noun, snarr Baldr ‘the bold Baldr’. In view of all the compounds in which snar- forms the first element (see LP), that emendation is unnecessary.
Baldr ‘Baldr’
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Baldr (noun m.): [Baldr, Baldur] < snarbaldr (noun m.)
kennings
Snar-Baldr hjarar‘The bold Baldr of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
The bold Baldr of the sword → WARRIOR
notes
[2] snar-Baldr ‘the bold Baldr <god>’: So all mss. All earlier eds render the cpd as an adj. plus a noun, snarr Baldr ‘the bold Baldr’. In view of all the compounds in which snar- forms the first element (see LP), that emendation is unnecessary.
hjarar ‘of the sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
Snar-Baldr hjarar‘The bold Baldr of the sword ’
= WARRIOR
The bold Baldr of the sword → WARRIOR
aldir ‘people’
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
gunn ‘the battle’
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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnhættir (noun m.): [battle-darer]
kennings
gunnhættir‘the battle-darer ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-darer → WARRIOR
hættir ‘darer’
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hættir (noun m.): [darer] < gunnhættir (noun m.): [battle-darer]
kennings
gunnhættir‘the battle-darer ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-darer → WARRIOR
kann ‘’
(not checked:)
kunna (verb): know, can, be able
kennings
glaðdript Grotta‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti ’
= GOLD
the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti → GOLD
notes
[3-4] glaðdript Grotta ‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti <hand-mill> [GOLD]’: This is a rather unconventional kenning for ‘gold’, because ‘snowdrift’ is usually the base-word in silver-kennings. See Note to Rv Lv 17/2II.
glað ‘the cheerful’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad < glaðdrift (noun f.)
[4] glað‑: grað‑ W
kennings
glaðdript Grotta‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti ’
= GOLD
the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti → GOLD
notes
[3-4] glaðdript Grotta ‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti <hand-mill> [GOLD]’: This is a rather unconventional kenning for ‘gold’, because ‘snowdrift’ is usually the base-word in silver-kennings. See Note to Rv Lv 17/2II.
dript ‘snowdrift’
(not checked:)
drift (noun f.; °; dat. -um): snowdrift < glaðdrift (noun f.)
kennings
glaðdript Grotta‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti ’
= GOLD
the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti → GOLD
notes
[3-4] glaðdript Grotta ‘the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti <hand-mill> [GOLD]’: This is a rather unconventional kenning for ‘gold’, because ‘snowdrift’ is usually the base-word in silver-kennings. See Note to Rv Lv 17/2II.
hraða ‘quickly’
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1. hraða (adv.): [quickly]
skipta ‘distributes’
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skipta (verb): share, divide, exchange
Fé ‘The money’
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fé (noun n.; °fjár/féar; -): cattle, money < féstríðir (noun m.): [money-fighter]
kennings
Féstríðir‘The money-fighter ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The money-fighter → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[5] féstríðir ‘the money-fighter [GENEROUS MAN]’: A person who destroys money and wealth by distributing it to his men.
stríðir ‘fighter’
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stríðir (noun m.): opponent, fighter < féstríðir (noun m.): [money-fighter]
kennings
Féstríðir‘The money-fighter ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The money-fighter → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[5] féstríðir ‘the money-fighter [GENEROUS MAN]’: A person who destroys money and wealth by distributing it to his men.
Fróða ‘of Fróði’
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Fróði (noun m.): Fróði
kennings
friðbygg Fróða;‘the peace-barley of Fróði ’
= GOLD
the peace-barley of Fróði → GOLD
notes
[5-6] friðbygg Fróða ‘the peace-barley of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]’: According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 51-2), Fróði’s reign, which was extremely peaceful, was known as Fróða friðr ‘Fróði’s peace’. There were no thieves or robbers in Denmark during his reign, and a gold ring lay undisturbed for a long time on Jalangrsheiðr (a heath near Jellinge in Jylland). See also Note to Þjóð Yt 1/2I.
frið ‘the peace’
(not checked:)
friðr (noun m.): peace < friðbygg (noun n.): [peace-barley]
kennings
friðbygg Fróða;‘the peace-barley of Fróði ’
= GOLD
the peace-barley of Fróði → GOLD
notes
[5-6] friðbygg Fróða ‘the peace-barley of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]’: According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 51-2), Fróði’s reign, which was extremely peaceful, was known as Fróða friðr ‘Fróði’s peace’. There were no thieves or robbers in Denmark during his reign, and a gold ring lay undisturbed for a long time on Jalangrsheiðr (a heath near Jellinge in Jylland). See also Note to Þjóð Yt 1/2I.
bygg ‘barley’
(not checked:)
bygg (noun n.; °-s): barley < friðbygg (noun n.): [peace-barley]
kennings
friðbygg Fróða;‘the peace-barley of Fróði ’
= GOLD
the peace-barley of Fróði → GOLD
notes
[5-6] friðbygg Fróða ‘the peace-barley of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]’: According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 51-2), Fróði’s reign, which was extremely peaceful, was known as Fróða friðr ‘Fróði’s peace’. There were no thieves or robbers in Denmark during his reign, and a gold ring lay undisturbed for a long time on Jalangrsheiðr (a heath near Jellinge in Jylland). See also Note to Þjóð Yt 1/2I.
liði ‘for the troop’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
tryggva ‘secures’
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tryggr (adj.; °tryggan/tryggvan; compar. -ari/-vari; superl. -jastr/-astr): loyal
fjǫl ‘the many’
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fjǫl- ((prefix)): very- < fjǫlvinjaðr (adj.)
kennings
fjǫlvinjat alinveldi.‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm. ’
= HAND
the many-meadowed elbow-realm. → HAND
notes
[7, 8] fjǫlvinjat alinveldi ‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm [HAND]’: This is the hand with many fingers (‘meadows’) on which to put golden rings. Fjǫlvinjat has been altered in R to fjǫlvinjaðr (R*) which gives the reading fjǫlvinjaðr falr meldr Fenju ‘the many-meadowed marketable flour of Fenja’, i.e. ‘the marketable gold which rests on many meadows (has many recipients)’ (adopted in SnE 1848-87 and Skj B).
vinjat ‘meadowed’
(not checked:)
vinjaðr (adj.): [meadowed] < fjǫlvinjaðr (adj.)
[7] ‑vinjat: ‑vinjar W
kennings
fjǫlvinjat alinveldi.‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm. ’
= HAND
the many-meadowed elbow-realm. → HAND
notes
[7, 8] fjǫlvinjat alinveldi ‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm [HAND]’: This is the hand with many fingers (‘meadows’) on which to put golden rings. Fjǫlvinjat has been altered in R to fjǫlvinjaðr (R*) which gives the reading fjǫlvinjaðr falr meldr Fenju ‘the many-meadowed marketable flour of Fenja’, i.e. ‘the marketable gold which rests on many meadows (has many recipients)’ (adopted in SnE 1848-87 and Skj B).
hylr ‘covers’
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2. hylja (verb): to bury, cover, inhume
Fenju ‘of Fenja’
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Fenja (noun f.): bristly one, Fenja
kennings
falr meldr Fenju‘the marketable flour of Fenja ’
= GOLD
the marketable flour of Fenja → GOLD
falr ‘the marketable’
(not checked:)
2. falr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): white, marketable
[8] falr: fal‑ W
kennings
falr meldr Fenju‘the marketable flour of Fenja ’
= GOLD
the marketable flour of Fenja → GOLD
meldr ‘flour’
(not checked:)
meldr (noun m.): flour
kennings
falr meldr Fenju‘the marketable flour of Fenja ’
= GOLD
the marketable flour of Fenja → GOLD
alin ‘elbow’
(not checked:)
alin (noun f.): forearm, ell < alinveldi (noun n.): [elbow-realm]
kennings
fjǫlvinjat alinveldi.‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm. ’
= HAND
the many-meadowed elbow-realm. → HAND
notes
[7, 8] fjǫlvinjat alinveldi ‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm [HAND]’: This is the hand with many fingers (‘meadows’) on which to put golden rings. Fjǫlvinjat has been altered in R to fjǫlvinjaðr (R*) which gives the reading fjǫlvinjaðr falr meldr Fenju ‘the many-meadowed marketable flour of Fenja’, i.e. ‘the marketable gold which rests on many meadows (has many recipients)’ (adopted in SnE 1848-87 and Skj B).
veldi ‘realm’
(not checked:)
veldi (noun n.): realm < alinveldi (noun n.): [elbow-realm]
kennings
fjǫlvinjat alinveldi.‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm. ’
= HAND
the many-meadowed elbow-realm. → HAND
notes
[7, 8] fjǫlvinjat alinveldi ‘the many-meadowed elbow-realm [HAND]’: This is the hand with many fingers (‘meadows’) on which to put golden rings. Fjǫlvinjat has been altered in R to fjǫlvinjaðr (R*) which gives the reading fjǫlvinjaðr falr meldr Fenju ‘the many-meadowed marketable flour of Fenja’, i.e. ‘the marketable gold which rests on many meadows (has many recipients)’ (adopted in SnE 1848-87 and Skj B).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Samþykkjar fremr søkkum |
The bold Baldr <god> of the sword [WARRIOR] promotes people with treasures of accord; the battle-darer [WARRIOR] distributes the cheerful snowdrift of Grotti <hand-mill> [GOLD] quickly. The money-fighter [GENEROUS MAN] secures the peace-barley of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD] for the troop; the marketable flour of Fenja <giantess> [GOLD] covers the many-meadowed elbow-realm [HAND].
The dróttkvætt variant is called in minni alhenda ‘the lesser completely-rhymed’. Each line contains two pairs of hendingar (skothending in the odd lines and aðalhending in the even lines).
Occasional double rhymes are also attested elsewhere in dróttkvætt poetry. See the examples given in SnE 2007, 82. — The heading in Tˣ is minni aðalhenda. 35. ‘the lesser full rhyme. 35’, and that term also occurs in the prose that precedes the stanza in R. — In W, sts 43 and 44 are given in the reverse order. — The legendary frame of reference for the gold-kennings in this stanza is Grottasǫngr, the tale of the Danish king Fróði Friðleifsson’s two servant women, the giantesses Fenja and Menja, who grind gold on the hand-mill Grotti (Grott, SnE 1998, I, 51-8). See also ESk Øxfl 3, 6, Note to Anon Bjark 4/3 and Note to ll. 5-6 below.
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