Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 39

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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SnSt Ht 39^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 39’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1148.

Snorri Sturluson Háttatal

38 39 40

Ok ‘And’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hjaldr ‘the battle’

(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrreifr (adj.)

[1] hjaldr‑: so W, U, hjald‑ R, Tˣ

kennings

hjaldrreifan hoddstiklanda –
‘the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skúli
the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – → GENEROUS MAN = Skúli

reifan ‘happy’

(not checked:)
2. reifr (adj.): happy < hjaldrreifr (adj.)

kennings

hjaldrreifan hoddstiklanda –
‘the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skúli
the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – → GENEROUS MAN = Skúli

hófu ‘promoted’

(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start

hodd ‘hoard’

(not checked:)
1. hodd (noun f.): gold, treasure < hoddstiklandi (noun m.)

kennings

hjaldrreifan hoddstiklanda –
‘the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skúli
the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – → GENEROUS MAN = Skúli

stiklanda ‘dispenser’

(not checked:)
stiklandi (noun m.): [dispenser, shooter] < hoddstiklandi (noun m.)

kennings

hjaldrreifan hoddstiklanda –
‘the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skúli
the battle-happy hoard-dispenser – → GENEROUS MAN = Skúli

miklir ‘great’

(not checked:)
mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large

morð ‘of battles’

(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle < morðflýtir (noun m.)

kennings

morðflýtir
‘the urger of battles ’
= WARRIOR
the urger of battles → WARRIOR

flýtir ‘the urger’

(not checked:)
flýtir (noun m.): hastener < morðflýtir (noun m.)

kennings

morðflýtir
‘the urger of battles ’
= WARRIOR
the urger of battles → WARRIOR

kennings

dyn málmskúrar –,
‘the din of the metal-shower –, ’
= BATTLE
the din of the metal-shower –, → BATTLE

skúrar ‘shower’

(not checked:)
1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < malmskúr (noun f.)

kennings

dyn málmskúrar –,
‘the din of the metal-shower –, ’
= BATTLE
the din of the metal-shower –, → BATTLE

dyn ‘the din’

(not checked:)
dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din

kennings

dyn málmskúrar –,
‘the din of the metal-shower –, ’
= BATTLE
the din of the metal-shower –, → BATTLE

hjálmar ‘helmets’

(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet

[4] hjálmar: hálmar Tˣ, U

notes

[4] hjálmar (m. nom. pl.) ‘helmets’: Altered to hálmar ‘straws’ in R (R*). It is unclear what exactly is meant by ‘helmets’. Most likely it refers to helmeted warriors, and, if so, it is paralleled in Arn Hryn 9/5, 8^II Bað hjalma Peitu samnask til hverrar hǫmlu ‘He [Magnús] urged helmets from Poitou to rally at every rowing position’. See also Note to Arn Hryn 9/8^II. This could refer to distinguished warriors participating in the ceremony when Skúli was given the title of jarl. The variant hálmar ‘straws’ (Tˣ, U, R*) makes little sense, and Kock (NN §1314) suggests an original reading jálmar ‘noises, crashes’, which he takes as a heiti for ‘battle’. However, jálmr is only attested as a determinant or a base-word in battle-kennings, never as a heiti for ‘battle’ (LP: jalmr).

hjaldrs ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle

kennings

hugdýrum stýri hjaldrs
‘the noble-minded controller of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the noble-minded controller of battle → WARRIOR = Skúli

þás ‘when’

(not checked:)
þás (conj.): when

hilmir ‘the lord’

(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

[5] hilmir: corrected from ‘hilldmir’ U

kennings

hilmir foldar
‘the lord of the land ’
= KING = Ingi
the lord of the land → KING = Ingi

foldar ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

[5] foldar: so all others, ‘folkar’(?) R

kennings

hilmir foldar
‘the lord of the land ’
= KING = Ingi
the lord of the land → KING = Ingi

notes

[5] foldar ‘of the land’: So all other mss. In R, the original <k> in ‘folkar’ (?) is difficult to establish with any certainty because the letter has been altered to <d> (R*).

hug ‘minded’

(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugdýrr (adj.)

kennings

hugdýrum stýri hjaldrs
‘the noble-minded controller of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the noble-minded controller of battle → WARRIOR = Skúli

dýrum ‘the noble’

(not checked:)
dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious < hugdýrr (adj.)

[6] ‑dýrum: ‘fo᷎rom’ Tˣ, ‘stærum’ W, ‘færvm’ U

kennings

hugdýrum stýri hjaldrs
‘the noble-minded controller of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the noble-minded controller of battle → WARRIOR = Skúli

gaf ‘gave’

(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give

stýri ‘controller’

(not checked:)
stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller

[6] stýri: ‘sto᷎ri’ Tˣ, ‘færi’ W, ‘stæri’ U

kennings

hugdýrum stýri hjaldrs
‘the noble-minded controller of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the noble-minded controller of battle → WARRIOR = Skúli

ógn ‘terror’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnsvellir (noun m.)

kennings

gǫfugr ógnsvellir
‘the glorious terror-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the glorious terror-increaser → WARRIOR

svellir ‘increaser’

(not checked:)
svellir (noun m.): increaser, sweller < ógnsvellir (noun m.)

kennings

gǫfugr ógnsvellir
‘the glorious terror-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the glorious terror-increaser → WARRIOR

fær ‘obtains’

(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

allan ‘all’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

jarldóm ‘an earldom’

(not checked:)
jarldómr (noun m.): [an earldom]

gǫfugr ‘the glorious’

(not checked:)
gǫfugr (adj.; °gǫfgan/gǫfugan; compar. gǫfgari/gǫfugri, superl. gǫfgastr/gǫfugstr/gǫfugastr): noble, glorious

kennings

gǫfugr ógnsvellir
‘the glorious terror-increaser ’
= WARRIOR
the glorious terror-increaser → WARRIOR

sóma ‘honour’

(not checked:)
sómi (noun m.; °-a): honour

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

The dróttkvætt variant is called tiltekit ‘linked’ (see st. 15), and the term apparently refers to the fact that the two helmingar are linked syntactically, that is, the first clause in the second helmingr is dependent on the first clause of the first helmingr. The commentary is not quite clear, however, and it could be that ‘linked’ refers to the repetition of the word hjaldr- (l. 1) in l. 5 (hjaldrs).

In dróttkvætt stanzas it is not uncommon for the second helmingr to be syntactically dependent on the first helmingr, but syntactic dependency is never used systematically throughout a poem (see also SnE 2007, 79). — The heading in Tˣ is 31. — Just before he died, King Ingi Bárðarson (d. 21 April 1217) gave his half-brother Skúli the title of jarl.

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SnSt Ht 39III

Ok ‘And’

hjaldr ‘the battle’

kennings

reifan ‘happy’

kennings

hófu ‘promoted’

hodd ‘hoard’

kennings

stiklanda ‘dispenser’

kennings

miklir ‘great’

morð ‘of battles’

kennings

flýtir ‘the urger’

kennings

kná ‘’

mœta ‘meets’

málm ‘of the metal’

kennings

skúrar ‘shower’

kennings

dyn ‘the din’

kennings

hjálmar ‘helmets’

notes

hjaldrs ‘of battle’

kennings

þás ‘when’

hilmir ‘the lord’

kennings

foldar ‘of the land’

kennings

notes

hug ‘minded’

kennings

dýrum ‘the noble’

kennings

gaf ‘gave’

stýri ‘controller’

kennings

ógn ‘terror’

kennings

svellir ‘increaser’

kennings

fær ‘obtains’

allan ‘all’

jarldóm ‘an earldom’

gǫfugr ‘the glorious’

kennings

sóma ‘honour’

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SnSt Ht 39^III