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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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SnSt Ht 36III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 36’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1143.

Snorri SturlusonHáttatal
353637

Hristi ‘were shaken’

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hrista (verb): shake

[1] Hristi: Hristiz U(47r), U(53r)

notes

[1] hristi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘were shaken’: Lit. ‘was shaken’. The verb is used impersonally with herfǫng ‘troop-tunics’ as the acc. object.

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hvatt ‘violently’

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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave

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þás ‘when’

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þás (conj.): when

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reistisk ‘was raised’

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her ‘Army’

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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herfang (noun n.): booty

[2] her‑: ‘[…]’ W

kennings

herfǫng,
‘Army-tunics ’
   = BYRNIES

Army-tunics → BYRNIES
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fǫng ‘tunics’

(not checked:)
fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic < herfang (noun n.): booty

kennings

herfǫng,
‘Army-tunics ’
   = BYRNIES

Army-tunics → BYRNIES
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mjǫk ‘the very’

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mjǫk (adv.): very, much

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‘standard’

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2. vé (noun n.; °; -): banner, standard < véstǫng (noun f.)

notes

[2] vé- ‘standard-’: Originally written ‘ve-’ in R, but later altered to ‘vé-’ (R*).

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samði ‘fastened’

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2. sama (verb): befit

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fólk ‘people’

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folk (noun n.): people

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en ‘and’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

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frǫmðusk ‘were furthered’

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fremja (verb): advance, perform

[3] frǫmðusk: framðiz W, framði U(53r)

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fullsterk ‘the mightily strong’

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fullsterkr (adj.): [mightily strong]

notes

[4] fullsterk (n. acc. pl.) ‘mightily strong’: Skj B takes this with herfǫng (n. acc. pl.) ‘army-tunics’ (l. 2). From the point of view of word order, it is preferable to connect it with verk (n. acc. pl.) ‘deeds’ (l. 4) (so NN §1310; SnE 2007, 111).

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hring ‘the ring’

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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringserkr (noun m.): ring-shirt

kennings

hringserk,
‘the ring-shirt, ’
   = BYRNIE

the ring-shirt, → BYRNIE
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serk ‘shirt’

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1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < hringserkr (noun m.): ring-shirt

kennings

hringserk,
‘the ring-shirt, ’
   = BYRNIE

the ring-shirt, → BYRNIE
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grams ‘of the lord’

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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

[4] grams verk: corrected from ‘grꜳn serk’ W

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verk ‘deeds’

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verk (noun n.; °-s; -): deed

[4] grams verk: corrected from ‘grꜳn serk’ W

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lék ‘played’

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3. leika (verb): play

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herjum ‘to the men’

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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host

[5] herjum: so Tˣ, U(53r), hverjum R, W

notes

[5] herjum ‘to the men’: So , U. Hverjum ‘everyone’ has been altered in R to herjum (R*).

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reyndisk ‘proved’

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reyna (verb): test, try, experience

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hjǫrr ‘sword’

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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

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kaldr ‘The cold’

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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold

[6] kaldr: kald W

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allvaldr ‘the mighty ruler’

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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler

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mannbaldr ‘to be a true hero’

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mannbaldr (noun m.): outstanding man

notes

[6] mannbaldr ‘a true hero’: Lit. ‘human hero’. Baldr is taken here in the meaning ‘hero, chieftain’ (cf. OE bealdor ‘hero’; AEW: baldr 2). See also Note to Þloft Tøgdr 7/8I.

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egg ‘with the blade’

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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade

notes

[7] egg (f. dat. sg.) ‘with the blade’: For the dat. without an ending, see ANG §383 Anm. 2.

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frák ‘I heard’

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1. fregna (verb): hear of

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bragning ‘the prince’

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bragningr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler

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fylking ‘battle-array’

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fylking (noun f.): troop

[8] fylking: so all others, ‘fylkink’ R

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stóð ‘commenced’

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standa (verb): stand

notes

[8] þing stóð ‘the assembly commenced’: The legal assembly must be the assembly mentioned in Bǫglunga saga and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (see Note to st. 34 [All]). Faulkes (SnE 2007, 163) suggests that the word þing here and in st. 33/3 means ‘battle’. That half-kenning is extremely rare, however (see LP: þing 3). It is more likely that the stanzas describe actual incidents that occurred during the legal assemblies in 1213 and 1214 when Ingi Bárðarson forced the unruly farmers of Trøndelag to swear allegiance to him, and both Bǫglunga saga (Bǫgl 1988, II, 125, 127) and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (E 1916, 480) specifically mention two separate legal assemblies. During the first assembly (the Raumaþing in 1213) described in st. 33 above, fighting ensued, but on the second occasion (at Vágsbrú in 1214) the farmers appear to have submitted peacefully.

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þing ‘the assembly’

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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly

notes

[8] þing stóð ‘the assembly commenced’: The legal assembly must be the assembly mentioned in Bǫglunga saga and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (see Note to st. 34 [All]). Faulkes (SnE 2007, 163) suggests that the word þing here and in st. 33/3 means ‘battle’. That half-kenning is extremely rare, however (see LP: þing 3). It is more likely that the stanzas describe actual incidents that occurred during the legal assemblies in 1213 and 1214 when Ingi Bárðarson forced the unruly farmers of Trøndelag to swear allegiance to him, and both Bǫglunga saga (Bǫgl 1988, II, 125, 127) and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (E 1916, 480) specifically mention two separate legal assemblies. During the first assembly (the Raumaþing in 1213) described in st. 33 above, fighting ensued, but on the second occasion (at Vágsbrú in 1214) the farmers appear to have submitted peacefully.

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

This dróttkvætt variant is called þríhent ‘triple-rhymed’ because each even line contains three aðalhendingar rather than two. The hendingar all occur in syllables with secondary stress in positions 2, 4, and 6, which means that the last hending falls on the ultimate rather than on the penultimate syllable.

The headings are 29 () and þríhent (U(47r)). This is the last heading (and first line) recorded in the index in U (U(47r)). The metre is similar to that of RvHbreiðm Hl 11-12, but it is not attested elsewhere in the extant corpus of skaldic poetry. — For this event, see Note to st. 34 [All].

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