Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 36’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1143.
[1] hristi (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘were shaken’: Lit. ‘was shaken’. The verb is used impersonally with herfǫng ‘troop-tunics’ as the acc. object.
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
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þás (conj.): when
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herfang (noun n.): booty
[2] her‑: ‘[…]’ W
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fang (noun n.; °-s; *-): grasp, tunic < herfang (noun n.): booty
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
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2. vé (noun n.; °; -): banner, standard < véstǫng (noun f.)
[2] vé- ‘standard-’: Originally written ‘ve-’ in R, but later altered to ‘vé-’ (R*).
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stǫng (noun f.; °stangar, dat. -u; stangir/stengr): pole < véstǫng (noun f.)
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2. sama (verb): befit
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folk (noun n.): people
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2. en (conj.): but, and
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fremja (verb): advance, perform
[3] frǫmðusk: framðiz W, framði U(53r)
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fullsterkr (adj.): [mightily strong]
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringserkr (noun m.): ring-shirt
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1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt < hringserkr (noun m.): ring-shirt
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[4] grams verk: corrected from ‘grꜳn serk’ W
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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
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3. leika (verb): play
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
[5] herjum: so Tˣ, U(53r), hverjum R, W
[5] herjum ‘to the men’: So Tˣ, U. Hverjum ‘everyone’ has been altered in R to herjum (R*).
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reyna (verb): test, try, experience
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
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mannbaldr (noun m.): outstanding man
[6] mannbaldr ‘a true hero’: Lit. ‘human hero’. Baldr is taken here in the meaning ‘hero, chieftain’ (cf. OE bealdor ‘hero’; AEW: baldr 2). See also Note to Þloft Tøgdr 7/8I.
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
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breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide
[7] bjoggu: so all others, ‘bioggiv’ R
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bragningr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
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fylking (noun f.): troop
[8] fylking: so all others, ‘fylkink’ R
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standa (verb): stand
[8] þing stóð ‘the assembly commenced’: The legal assembly must be the assembly mentioned in Bǫglunga saga and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (see Note to st. 34 [All]). Faulkes (SnE 2007, 163) suggests that the word þing here and in st. 33/3 means ‘battle’. That half-kenning is extremely rare, however (see LP: þing 3). It is more likely that the stanzas describe actual incidents that occurred during the legal assemblies in 1213 and 1214 when Ingi Bárðarson forced the unruly farmers of Trøndelag to swear allegiance to him, and both Bǫglunga saga (Bǫgl 1988, II, 125, 127) and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (E 1916, 480) specifically mention two separate legal assemblies. During the first assembly (the Raumaþing in 1213) described in st. 33 above, fighting ensued, but on the second occasion (at Vágsbrú in 1214) the farmers appear to have submitted peacefully.
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
[8] þing stóð ‘the assembly commenced’: The legal assembly must be the assembly mentioned in Bǫglunga saga and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (see Note to st. 34 [All]). Faulkes (SnE 2007, 163) suggests that the word þing here and in st. 33/3 means ‘battle’. That half-kenning is extremely rare, however (see LP: þing 3). It is more likely that the stanzas describe actual incidents that occurred during the legal assemblies in 1213 and 1214 when Ingi Bárðarson forced the unruly farmers of Trøndelag to swear allegiance to him, and both Bǫglunga saga (Bǫgl 1988, II, 125, 127) and Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar (E 1916, 480) specifically mention two separate legal assemblies. During the first assembly (the Raumaþing in 1213) described in st. 33 above, fighting ensued, but on the second occasion (at Vágsbrú in 1214) the farmers appear to have submitted peacefully.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Army-tunics [BYRNIES] were shaken violently when the very long standard-pole was raised; people fastened the ring-shirt [BYRNIE], and the mightily strong deeds of the lord were furthered. The cold sword played with the hand; the mighty ruler proved to the men to be a true hero; I heard that the prince equipped the broad battle-array with the blade; the assembly commenced.
This dróttkvætt variant is called þríhent ‘triple-rhymed’ because each even line contains three aðalhendingar rather than two. The hendingar all occur in syllables with secondary stress in positions 2, 4, and 6, which means that the last hending falls on the ultimate rather than on the penultimate syllable.
The headings are 29 (Tˣ) and þríhent (U(47r)). This is the last heading (and first line) recorded in the index in U (U(47r)). The metre is similar to that of RvHbreiðm Hl 11-12, but it is not attested elsewhere in the extant corpus of skaldic poetry. — For this event, see Note to st. 34 [All].
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