SnSt Ht 23III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 23’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1129.
hǫnd ‘from the hand’
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hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
með ‘at’
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með (prep.): with
hlumr ‘The oar-handle’
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hlummr (noun m.; °; -ar): oar-handle
notes
[2] hlumr ‘the oar-handle’: Hlumr has been altered in R to hlum (R*), which is syntactically possible but requires that hǫnd ‘the hand’ (l. 1) rather than hlumr is the subject of firrisk ‘is removed’ (‘the hand is removed from the oar-handle’).
líðr ‘follows’
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1. líða (verb): move, glide
vetr ‘winter’
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vetr (noun m.; °vetrar/vetrs(HómHauksb³ 173²³), dat. vetri; vetr): winter
sumri ‘summer’
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sumar (noun n.; °-s; sumur/sumar): summer
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
við ‘by’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
lǫg ‘the sea’
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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea
Lista ‘of Lista’
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Listi (noun m.): [Lista]
notes
[3] Lista ‘of Lista’: The southern-most part of Norway.
lǫng ‘the long’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
taka ‘take’
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2. taka (verb): take
hvíld ‘a rest’
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hvíld (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): rest
at ‘after’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
gǫngu ‘the journey’
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1. ganga (noun f.): way
mœðir ‘wearies’
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2. mœða (verb): weary
lið ‘the host’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
lýða ‘of men’
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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people
létt ‘easily’
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léttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): easy, light
[6] létt: so W, U, ‘let’ R, Tˣ
skipask ‘occupied’
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1. skipa (verb): change, place
hǫll ‘hall’
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1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall
notes
[6] in rétta (f. nom. sg.) ‘the upright’: This adj. can only qualify hǫll (f. nom. sg.) ‘hall’. If it were replaced by the U variant it rétta (n. nom. sg.) it would qualify ǫl (n. nom. sg.) ‘ale’ (l. 5) (it rétta ǫl ‘the good ale’; so earlier eds except Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
rétta ‘upright’
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3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
[6] in rétta: at réttu Tˣ, it rétta U
notes
[6] in rétta (f. nom. sg.) ‘the upright’: This adj. can only qualify hǫll (f. nom. sg.) ‘hall’. If it were replaced by the U variant it rétta (n. nom. sg.) it would qualify ǫl (n. nom. sg.) ‘ale’ (l. 5) (it rétta ǫl ‘the good ale’; so earlier eds except Konráð Gíslason 1895-7).
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
skál ‘cup’
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skál (noun f.; °-ar, acc. -/-u; -ir/-ar): scales, cup
gjǫf ‘the gift’
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gjǫf (noun f.): gift
notes
[7] góla ‘splendidly’: Earlier eds take this adv. with svífr ‘swings’ (l. 8) and assume a meaning ‘merrily’ (SnE 1879-81, I, 99: froh, heiter), ‘pleasantly’ (Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, Skj B: behagelig), ‘powerfully, lively’ (LP: kraftig, livlig) or ‘readily’ (SnE 2007, 115). Góla is an adv. derived from the adj. góligr ‘fair, splendid’ (see Fritzner: góligr).
svífr ‘swings’
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svífa (verb): sweep
tóm ‘empty’
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tómr (adj.): [empty]
notes
[8] tóm (f. nom. sg.) ‘empty’: The adj. qualifies skál ‘cup’, meaning that a cup that previously had been filled with beverage now swings empty after toasts in connection with gold that was distributed as gifts. Gulls ‘of gold’ is taken as an objective gen. (cf. NS §125). For drinking and the distribution of gifts at Hákon’s and Skúli’s residences, see sts 86-88 and 91 below, as well as Sturl Hákkv 28-33II. Skj B (and SnE 1848-87; SnE 1879-81; Konráð Gíslason 1895-7; SnE 2007) treats this adj. as a qualifier to hǫll ‘hall’ (l. 6), which creates an awkward tripartite line (l. 8), while Kock (NN §1305) takes it as a noun (‘time of leisure’). The motif of drinking recurs in sts 24-5 below.
in ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
fulla ‘full’
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This variant of refhvǫrf is called refhvarfabróðir ‘the brother of fox-turns’. The antitheses occur at the end of each even line and are separated by one syllable (not adjacent as in refhvǫrf).
The headings are xvj. háttr ‘the sixteenth verse-form’ (Tˣ) and refhvarfa bróðir ‘the brother of fox-turns’ (U(47r)). — The antitheses are contained in the following words: vetr ‘winter’ : sumri ‘summer’ (l. 2); hvíld ‘rest’ : gǫngu ‘journey’ (l. 4); hǫll ‘slanting’ (rather than the noun hǫll ‘hall’) : rétta ‘upright’ (l. 6); tóm ‘empty’ : fulla ‘full’ (l. 8). This pattern of antitheses is not found elsewhere and must have been Snorri’s invention.
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