Sigv Lv 4^I

Gǫr ‘importunate’

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gǫr- ((prefix)): [importunate] < gǫrbœnn (adj.)

[1] Gǫr‑: ger 325VI, 321ˣ, Tóm, ‘Geyr‑’ Kˣ

notes

[1] gǫrbœnn ‘importunate’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj BI, 684) corrects this to gerbœnn on the assumption that the first element derives from poetic geri ‘greedy one’, hence ‘wolf’ (see LP: gerbœnn). But Kock (NN §1401) is no doubt right that it derives from Gmc *ȝarw- ‘eager, ready’. Most of the many ms. spellings represent <ǫ>, and can be taken to support Kock’s interpretation.

bœnn ‘’

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-bœnn (adj.): [prayer] < gǫrbœnn (adj.)

[1] ‑bœnn: bœn R686ˣ, beini 325VI, 321ˣ, ‘bænninn’ 61, ‘ben’ Bb, ‘bén’ 325XI 2 l

notes

[1] gǫrbœnn ‘importunate’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj BI, 684) corrects this to gerbœnn on the assumption that the first element derives from poetic geri ‘greedy one’, hence ‘wolf’ (see LP: gerbœnn). But Kock (NN §1401) is no doubt right that it derives from Gmc *ȝarw- ‘eager, ready’. Most of the many ms. spellings represent <ǫ>, and can be taken to support Kock’s interpretation.

mun ‘will’

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munu (verb): will, must

[1] mun: vil 325VI, 321ˣ, maðr 68

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[1] ek: ok 68

Gunnar ‘of Gunnr’

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Gunnr (noun f.): Gunnr

[1] Gunnar: gunnum 972ˣ, gǫfgum 325VI, 321ˣ, gumnar Flat

kennings

Gunnar ‘of Gunnr’

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Gunnr (noun f.): Gunnr

[1] Gunnar: gunnum 972ˣ, gǫfgum 325VI, 321ˣ, gumnar Flat

kennings

gamm ‘of the vulture’

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gammr (noun m.): vulture < gammteitandi (noun m.)

[2] gamm‑: ‘gn̄‑’ 68, gams 61, Holm4, 325V, Flat, Tóm, ‘gan‑’ Bb

kennings

gamm ‘of the vulture’

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gammr (noun m.): vulture < gammteitandi (noun m.)

[2] gamm‑: ‘gn̄‑’ 68, gams 61, Holm4, 325V, Flat, Tóm, ‘gan‑’ Bb

kennings

teitǫndum ‘by gladdeners’

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teitandi (noun m.): [by gladdeners] < gammteitandi (noun m.)

[2] ‑teitǫndum: ‘‑tettendum’ R686ˣ, hnykkjǫndum 61, ‘‑tertvm’ Bb, reit erum Flat, teit erum Tóm

kennings

heitinn ‘be called’

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2. heita (verb): be called, promise

[2] heitinn: so 68, Holm4, 325V, Flat, Tóm, 325XI 2 l, Kˣ, heita Holm2, 972ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 321ˣ, hetta R686ˣ, veita 325VI, þykkja 61, heitin Bb

áðr ‘already’

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áðr (adv.; °//): before

[3] áðr: ‘[…]’ 325XI 2 l

þôgum ‘have received’

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þiggja (verb): receive, get

[3] þôgum: þagni Flat, þægum Tóm

vér ‘we’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[3] vér: við Flat

ægis ‘of the sea’

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2. ægir (noun m.): ocean, sea

kennings

eld ‘the flame’

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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

[4] eld: eið 972ˣ, elds 325VI, 321ˣ

kennings

ef ‘if’

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3. ef (conj.): if

[4] ef: en 61, 325V, Flat, 325XI 2 l, enn Holm4, Tóm

nú ‘now’

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nú (adv.): now

biðk ‘I ask’

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biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573‡, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661‰, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray

[4] biðk (‘bið ec’): ‘luð ek’ J1ˣ, bið 321ˣ, Bb, ‘bit ec’ Tóm

felda ‘for skins’

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feldr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i; -ir): cloak

[4] felda: feldar 61, 325V

notes

[4] felda ‘skins’: The landing tax was commonly paid in skins: see Grg Ib, 195.

Land ‘the landing’

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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landeyrir (noun m.)

aura ‘tax’

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eyrir (noun m.; °eyris, dat. eyri; aurar): ounce, money, property < landeyrir (noun m.)

veit ‘Allow’

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2. veita (verb): grant, give

lúru ‘of the halibut’

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lúra (noun f.): [halibut]

[5] lúru: ‘lyru’ 68, 61, lundi 325V, Flat, Tóm

kennings

lúru ‘of the halibut’

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lúra (noun f.): [halibut]

[5] lúru: ‘lyru’ 68, 61, lundi 325V, Flat, Tóm

kennings

lúru ‘of the halibut’

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lúra (noun f.): [halibut]

[5] lúru: ‘lyru’ 68, 61, lundi 325V, Flat, Tóm

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látr ‘of the lair’

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látr (noun n.; °; dat. -um): lair < látrþverrandi (noun m.)

[6] látr‑: so Kˣ, láð‑ Holm2, R686ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 68, 61, 325V, Bb, Flat, Tóm, læ 325VI, 321ˣ, látrs Holm4, 325XI 2 l

kennings

látr ‘of the lair’

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látr (noun n.; °; dat. -um): lair < látrþverrandi (noun m.)

[6] látr‑: so Kˣ, láð‑ Holm2, R686ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 68, 61, 325V, Bb, Flat, Tóm, læ 325VI, 321ˣ, látrs Holm4, 325XI 2 l

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þverrandi ‘diminisher’

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þverrandi (noun m.): diminisher < látrþverrandi (noun m.)

[6] ‑þverrandi: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 68, 61, Holm4, 325V, Bb, Flat, Tóm, 325XI 2 l, Kˣ, ‑þverranda Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ

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af ‘from’

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af (prep.): from

[6] af: at Flat, ‘[…]’ 325XI 2 l

knerri ‘the merchant ship’

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knǫrr (noun m.; °knarrar, dat. knerri; knerrir, acc. knǫrru/knerri): (a kind of) ship

[6] knerri: ‘Kneri’ 972ˣ, ‘knæri’ J1ˣ, ‘[…]’ 325XI 2 l

enn ‘again’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

of ‘to’

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4. of (particle): (before verb)

[7] of ganga: of fanga Holm2, R686ˣ, 68, 325V, Bb, Flat, 325XI 2 l, ‘offanga’ 972ˣ, Holm4, afganga J1ˣ, af ganga J2ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, ófangann 61, á fanga Tóm, ofganga Kˣ

notes

[7] of ganga; engis ‘to go; of the meadow’: This is not the reading of any ms., but it seems to offer the best solution in these difficult lines. The main alternatives are: (a) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads af ‘from’ for of, though he omits the word from his prose order. This reading requires that af and ganga be taken from different mss. He also reads engjar (so already Fms 4), identical in meaning to engis ‘of the meadow’. The word does not take this form in any ms., and the commonest reading in the mss, engi, is more plausibly a corruption of engis than of engjar. (b) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, followed by Jón Skaptason 1983) reads offanga, engi, taking the former word to be a gen. pl. meaning ‘great gains’ and the latter word as the first element of a cpd engilúru ‘meadow-halibut’ in tmesis. The sense of the helmingr would then be ‘Give up the half of the landing tax from the merchant ship, generous lord; I have again unsolicited asked that I be given much’. The reading of Hkr 1991 is similar, but with ofganga, a gen. pl. taken to mean ‘overbearing conduct’, i.e. too great a request. It should be noted that there do not seem to be any other instances of veita in the sense ‘give up’.

ganga ‘go’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

[7] of ganga: of fanga Holm2, R686ˣ, 68, 325V, Bb, Flat, 325XI 2 l, ‘offanga’ 972ˣ, Holm4, afganga J1ˣ, af ganga J2ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, ófangann 61, á fanga Tóm, ofganga Kˣ

notes

[7] of ganga; engis ‘to go; of the meadow’: This is not the reading of any ms., but it seems to offer the best solution in these difficult lines. The main alternatives are: (a) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads af ‘from’ for of, though he omits the word from his prose order. This reading requires that af and ganga be taken from different mss. He also reads engjar (so already Fms 4), identical in meaning to engis ‘of the meadow’. The word does not take this form in any ms., and the commonest reading in the mss, engi, is more plausibly a corruption of engis than of engjar. (b) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, followed by Jón Skaptason 1983) reads offanga, engi, taking the former word to be a gen. pl. meaning ‘great gains’ and the latter word as the first element of a cpd engilúru ‘meadow-halibut’ in tmesis. The sense of the helmingr would then be ‘Give up the half of the landing tax from the merchant ship, generous lord; I have again unsolicited asked that I be given much’. The reading of Hkr 1991 is similar, but with ofganga, a gen. pl. taken to mean ‘overbearing conduct’, i.e. too great a request. It should be noted that there do not seem to be any other instances of veita in the sense ‘give up’.

engis ‘of the meadow’

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1. engi (noun n.): meadow

[7] engis: engan Holm2, 972ˣ, 68, 61, Tóm, Kˣ, engi R686ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, 325XI 2 l, ǫngum Holm4, 325V, engin Bb, ungum Flat

kennings

notes

[7] of ganga; engis ‘to go; of the meadow’: This is not the reading of any ms., but it seems to offer the best solution in these difficult lines. The main alternatives are: (a) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads af ‘from’ for of, though he omits the word from his prose order. This reading requires that af and ganga be taken from different mss. He also reads engjar (so already Fms 4), identical in meaning to engis ‘of the meadow’. The word does not take this form in any ms., and the commonest reading in the mss, engi, is more plausibly a corruption of engis than of engjar. (b) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, followed by Jón Skaptason 1983) reads offanga, engi, taking the former word to be a gen. pl. meaning ‘great gains’ and the latter word as the first element of a cpd engilúru ‘meadow-halibut’ in tmesis. The sense of the helmingr would then be ‘Give up the half of the landing tax from the merchant ship, generous lord; I have again unsolicited asked that I be given much’. The reading of Hkr 1991 is similar, but with ofganga, a gen. pl. taken to mean ‘overbearing conduct’, i.e. too great a request. It should be noted that there do not seem to be any other instances of veita in the sense ‘give up’.

engis ‘of the meadow’

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1. engi (noun n.): meadow

[7] engis: engan Holm2, 972ˣ, 68, 61, Tóm, Kˣ, engi R686ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, 325XI 2 l, ǫngum Holm4, 325V, engin Bb, ungum Flat

kennings

notes

[7] of ganga; engis ‘to go; of the meadow’: This is not the reading of any ms., but it seems to offer the best solution in these difficult lines. The main alternatives are: (a) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads af ‘from’ for of, though he omits the word from his prose order. This reading requires that af and ganga be taken from different mss. He also reads engjar (so already Fms 4), identical in meaning to engis ‘of the meadow’. The word does not take this form in any ms., and the commonest reading in the mss, engi, is more plausibly a corruption of engis than of engjar. (b) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, followed by Jón Skaptason 1983) reads offanga, engi, taking the former word to be a gen. pl. meaning ‘great gains’ and the latter word as the first element of a cpd engilúru ‘meadow-halibut’ in tmesis. The sense of the helmingr would then be ‘Give up the half of the landing tax from the merchant ship, generous lord; I have again unsolicited asked that I be given much’. The reading of Hkr 1991 is similar, but with ofganga, a gen. pl. taken to mean ‘overbearing conduct’, i.e. too great a request. It should be noted that there do not seem to be any other instances of veita in the sense ‘give up’.

engis ‘of the meadow’

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1. engi (noun n.): meadow

[7] engis: engan Holm2, 972ˣ, 68, 61, Tóm, Kˣ, engi R686ˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, 325XI 2 l, ǫngum Holm4, 325V, engin Bb, ungum Flat

kennings

notes

[7] of ganga; engis ‘to go; of the meadow’: This is not the reading of any ms., but it seems to offer the best solution in these difficult lines. The main alternatives are: (a) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads af ‘from’ for of, though he omits the word from his prose order. This reading requires that af and ganga be taken from different mss. He also reads engjar (so already Fms 4), identical in meaning to engis ‘of the meadow’. The word does not take this form in any ms., and the commonest reading in the mss, engi, is more plausibly a corruption of engis than of engjar. (b) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, followed by Jón Skaptason 1983) reads offanga, engi, taking the former word to be a gen. pl. meaning ‘great gains’ and the latter word as the first element of a cpd engilúru ‘meadow-halibut’ in tmesis. The sense of the helmingr would then be ‘Give up the half of the landing tax from the merchant ship, generous lord; I have again unsolicited asked that I be given much’. The reading of Hkr 1991 is similar, but with ofganga, a gen. pl. taken to mean ‘overbearing conduct’, i.e. too great a request. It should be noted that there do not seem to be any other instances of veita in the sense ‘give up’.

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

hef ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

sjalfr ‘myself’

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sjalfr (adj.): self

[8] sjalfr: sjalf J1ˣ, þôgu Holm4, 325XI 2 l

krafit ‘requested [it]’

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krefja (verb): request

[8] krafit: ‘kufan’ R686ˣ, ‘karfit’ 972ˣ, kraft 61

halfa ‘half’

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halfr (adj.): half

[8] halfa: halfra 325VI