Sigv Víkv 9I
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Víkingarvísur 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 547.
Vann ‘made’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
ungr ‘The young’
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ungr (adj.): young
Englum ‘of the English’
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Englar (noun m.): English people
ótrúðr ‘’
skarr ‘’
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skarr (noun m.)
skarir ‘’
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skǫr (noun f.; °skarar; skarir): hair, planking
skarar ‘the hair’
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skǫr (noun f.; °skarar; skarir): hair, planking
[2] skarar: skarr R686ˣ, skarir 73aˣ, Tóm
rauðar ‘red’
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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red
endr ‘again’
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endr (adv.): formerly, once, again
kom ‘came’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
brant ‘’
brundt ‘’
brýnt ‘’
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brýnn (adj.; °compar. brýnni, superl. brýnstr/brýnastr): ready, swift
brúnt ‘dark red’
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2. brúnn (adj.): brown, dark
[3] brúnt: brant R686ˣ, ‘brundt’ J2ˣ, brýnt Tóm
á ‘onto’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
branda ‘swords’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
blóð ‘blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
Nýja ‘Nýja’
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nýr (adj.; °nýjan; compar. nýrri, superl. nýjastr): new < Nýjamóða (noun f.)
notes
[4] Nýjamóðu ‘Nýjamóða’: It is likely that this represents the now obsolete p. n. Newemouth (recorded in 1286), ‘on the Suffolk coast between Orford and Aldeburgh’ (Townend 1998, 61). ON ný- is cognate with ME newe ‘new’, while ON móða normally means ‘river’ (LP: móða) but provides a useful approximation to OE mūða ‘mouth, estuary’.
móðu ‘móða’
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1. móða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): river < Nýjamóða (noun f.)
notes
[4] Nýjamóðu ‘Nýjamóða’: It is likely that this represents the now obsolete p. n. Newemouth (recorded in 1286), ‘on the Suffolk coast between Orford and Aldeburgh’ (Townend 1998, 61). ON ný- is cognate with ME newe ‘new’, while ON móða normally means ‘river’ (LP: móða) but provides a useful approximation to OE mūða ‘mouth, estuary’.
Nú ‘Now’
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nú (adv.): now
hefir ‘’
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hafa (verb): have
hefði ‘’
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hafa (verb): have
orrostu ‘’
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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle
orrustr ‘’
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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle
orrostan ‘’
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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle
orrostur ‘battles’
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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle
[5] orrostur: orrostu R686ˣ, orrostan Flat, ‘orrostr’ FskBˣ, FskAˣ
notes
[5] austan ‘from the east’: In the absence of a better solution, this is taken here as qualifying the noun ógnvaldr ‘battle-causer [WARRIOR]’ (so also NN §614, ÍF 27 and LP: austan, with emendation of ógnvaldr to allvaldr). In addressing Óláfr as ‘from the east’, Sigvatr may simply mean ‘from Norway’, from an Icelandic point of view (cf. austmaðr ‘Norwegian’), or else may refer specifically to Óláfr’s early campaigns in the Baltic. The usage is unusual, since austan most often qualifies verbs or full sentences, as in Sigv Knútdr 7/2 frá austan ‘learned [news] from the east’. Finnur Jónsson (see Note to l. 7 below) originally took austan with danskr herr ‘Danish army’, which gives good sense but awkward word order.
kennings
ógnvaldr‘battle-causer ’
= WARRIOR
battle-causer → WARRIOR
notes
[6] ógnvaldr ‘battle-causer [WARRIOR]’: The rhyming of -ld- : -lð- (here vald- : talð-) is allowed in dróttkvætt (Kuhn 1983, 79). The Kˣ reading ‘dvalþ̄’ does not make sense but may have arisen as a hypercorrect attempt to produce a rhyme of -lð- : -lð-. The reading ógnvaldr is chosen here since it has the widest support in the paradosis, and the second person address to Óláfr is paralleled in sts 2/8 (which has allvaldr ‘mighty ruler’), 5/1 and 11/1. The main alternatives ógnvalds ‘of the warrior’ and ógndjarfr ‘battle-brave’ are possible but poorly represented.
djarfs ‘’
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djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold < ógndjarfr (adj.): terror-bold
valds ‘’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < ógnvaldr (noun m.)
djarfr ‘’
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djarfr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bold < ógndjarfr (adj.): terror-bold
dvalþ̄ ‘’
valdr ‘causer’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < ógnvaldr (noun m.)
[6] ‑valdr: so R686ˣ, 325VI, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, DG8, ‘dvalþ̄’ Kˣ, ‑djarfr Holm2, 68, ‑djarfs J2ˣ, ‑valds 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, ‘dualdr’ 61
kennings
ógnvaldr‘battle-causer ’
= WARRIOR
battle-causer → WARRIOR
notes
[6] ógnvaldr ‘battle-causer [WARRIOR]’: The rhyming of -ld- : -lð- (here vald- : talð-) is allowed in dróttkvætt (Kuhn 1983, 79). The Kˣ reading ‘dvalþ̄’ does not make sense but may have arisen as a hypercorrect attempt to produce a rhyme of -lð- : -lð-. The reading ógnvaldr is chosen here since it has the widest support in the paradosis, and the second person address to Óláfr is paralleled in sts 2/8 (which has allvaldr ‘mighty ruler’), 5/1 and 11/1. The main alternatives ógnvalds ‘of the warrior’ and ógndjarfr ‘battle-brave’ are possible but poorly represented.
níu ‘nine’
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níu (num. cardinal): nine
talðar ‘enumerated’
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telja (verb): tell, count
herr ‘army’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
notes
[7] danskr herr ‘the Danish army’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), construing this with austan ‘from the east’ (l. 5), takes it strictly to mean Danes, though in LP he revised his view of austan (see Note above). Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) suggests a broader reference to the company of Nordic vikings (cf. Note to st. 15/8).
fell ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
danskr ‘the Danish’
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danskr (adj.): Danish
notes
[7] danskr herr ‘the Danish army’: Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B), construing this with austan ‘from the east’ (l. 5), takes it strictly to mean Danes, though in LP he revised his view of austan (see Note above). Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) suggests a broader reference to the company of Nordic vikings (cf. Note to st. 15/8).
fyrir ‘’
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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of
þá ‘’
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2. þá (adv.): then
með ‘’
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með (prep.): with
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
[7] þars (‘þar er’): fyrir 73aˣ, er 61, þá er Bb, með Flat, Tóm
dǫrrum ‘spears’
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dǫrr (noun m.): spear
dreif ‘drove’
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
notes
[6] ógnvaldr ‘battle-causer [WARRIOR]’: The rhyming of -ld- : -lð- (here vald- : talð-) is allowed in dróttkvætt (Kuhn 1983, 79). The Kˣ reading ‘dvalþ̄’ does not make sense but may have arisen as a hypercorrect attempt to produce a rhyme of -lð- : -lð-. The reading ógnvaldr is chosen here since it has the widest support in the paradosis, and the second person address to Óláfr is paralleled in sts 2/8 (which has allvaldr ‘mighty ruler’), 5/1 and 11/1. The main alternatives ógnvalds ‘of the warrior’ and ógndjarfr ‘battle-brave’ are possible but poorly represented.
mest ‘most’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
at ‘against’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
Ôleifi ‘Óláfr’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In ÓH-Hkr, it is said that Óláfr had responsibility for defending England and won a battle against the þingmannalið ‘troop of assembly members’ in Nýjamóða. Both Fsk and ÓHLeg note that Óláfr’s ninth battle was at Nýjamóða and that Sigvatr says that he ‘again fought against the Danes’.
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