Sigv Víkv 8I
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Víkingarvísur 8’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 545.
Veitk ‘I know’
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1. vita (verb): know
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
víga ‘of battles’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
kennings
mœtir víga,‘the meeter of battles, ’
= WARRIOR
the meeter of battles, → WARRIOR
meitir ‘’
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meitir (verb): slicer
hneitir ‘’
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hneitir (noun m.): sword
kennings
mœtir víga,‘the meeter of battles, ’
= WARRIOR
the meeter of battles, → WARRIOR
vǫndu ‘’
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vandr (adj.): difficult
vǫndum ‘’
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vǫndr (noun m.; °vandar, dat. vendi/vǫnd; vendir, acc. vǫndu/vendi): rod, want, mast
virðum ‘’
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virðr (noun m.): man
Vinðum ‘to Wends’
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Vinðr (noun m.; °; vinðr/-ir): the Wends
[2] Vinðum: vǫndum 325VI, 73aˣ, vǫndu 78aˣ, virðum 61
notes
[2] háttr Vinðum ‘dangerous to Wends’: It is not known why Óláfr is described thus, as there is otherwise no mention of Wends in connection with his youthful battles, though his namesake Óláfr Tryggvason is said to have attacked the Wends (e.g. Hfr Óldr 1). Háttr is established as the form of the adj. by the rhyme on átt-. This is the only known occurrence (LP: háttr), but it is clearly related to the nouns háski and hætta, both ‘danger’, and is equivalent to the adj. hættr ‘dangerous’ as in ÞjóðA Sex 2/7II hættr Serkjum ‘dangerous to Serkir (Saracens)’ or Hfr Óldr 2/1, 2 hættr fjǫrvi Gota ‘dangerous to the life of the Gotar’.
hóttr ‘’
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1. hǫttr (noun m.): hood, hat
hátt ‘’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
hættr ‘’
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hættr (adj.; °compar. -ari/-ri, superl. -astr): dangerous
háttr ‘dangerous’
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2. háttr (adj.): [dangerous]
[2] háttr: hátt 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 325V, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, DG8, hættr 61, Bb, hóttr 325VII
notes
[2] háttr Vinðum ‘dangerous to Wends’: It is not known why Óláfr is described thus, as there is otherwise no mention of Wends in connection with his youthful battles, though his namesake Óláfr Tryggvason is said to have attacked the Wends (e.g. Hfr Óldr 1). Háttr is established as the form of the adj. by the rhyme on átt-. This is the only known occurrence (LP: háttr), but it is clearly related to the nouns háski and hætta, both ‘danger’, and is equivalent to the adj. hættr ‘dangerous’ as in ÞjóðA Sex 2/7II hættr Serkjum ‘dangerous to Serkir (Saracens)’ or Hfr Óldr 2/1, 2 hættr fjǫrvi Gota ‘dangerous to the life of the Gotar’.
ek ‘’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
it ‘’
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2. inn (art.): the
enn ‘’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
inn ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
[2] inn: enn Holm2, 68, en R686ˣ, 325VI, 75c, Bb, it 61, DG8, ek FskBˣ
átta ‘eighth’
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átti (num. ordinal): eighth
strykr ‘’
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strykr (noun m.; °-s)
kennings
styrkr vǫrðr verðungar‘the strong guardian of the troop ’
= RULER
the strong guardian of the troop → RULER
fekk ‘’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
helt ‘’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
gekk ‘advanced’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[3] gekk: fekk J2ˣ, helt FskBˣ, FskAˣ, DG8
vǫrðr ‘guardian’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
kennings
styrkr vǫrðr verðungar‘the strong guardian of the troop ’
= RULER
the strong guardian of the troop → RULER
at ‘against’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
verki ‘’
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verk (noun n.; °-s; -): deed
virki ‘the fortification’
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virki (noun n.; °-s; -): stronghold
[3] virki: verki J2ˣ, Tóm
verðungar ‘of the troop’
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verðung (noun f.): troop, retinue
kennings
styrkr vǫrðr verðungar‘the strong guardian of the troop ’
= RULER
the strong guardian of the troop → RULER
frið ‘’
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friðr (noun m.): peace
gjǫrðu ‘’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
Sinn ‘from their’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
máttu ‘’
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mega (verb): may, might
máttit ‘’
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mega (verb): may, might
môttuð ‘’
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mega (verb): may, might
môttut ‘were not able’
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mega (verb): may, might
[5] môttut: môttuð Holm2, R686ˣ, J2ˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, 325VII, máttit 68, máttu Bb, Tóm
banna ‘to ban’
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2. banna (verb; °-að-): forbid, refuse
borg ‘bury’
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borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
notes
[6] Kantaraborg ‘Canterbury’: See Note to Ótt Hfl 10/4.
kantra ‘’
kantera ‘’
Kantara ‘Canter’
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kantari (noun m.): Kent, Canter(-bury)
[6] Kantara‑: ‘kantra’ R686ˣ, ‘kantera’ 325VII, Flat
notes
[6] Kantaraborg ‘Canterbury’: See Note to Ótt Hfl 10/4.
sorgir ‘’
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sorg (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sorrow, affliction
sorgar ‘sorrow’
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sorg (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sorrow, affliction
[6] sorgar: sorgir R686ˣ, Bb
mart ‘much’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
fekk ‘’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
fekksk ‘was caused’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[7] fekksk: so Holm2, R686ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, 325V, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, fekk Kˣ, 75c, Bb, DG8
notes
[7] fekksk ‘was caused’: This reading is found in several ÓH mss across all three classes. The alternative fekk would give mart fekk sorgar prúðum Pǫrtum, either ‘he provided much sorrow to the proud Partar’ or ‘much caused sorrow to the proud Partar’.
prúðum ‘for the proud’
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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud
Pǫrtum ‘Partar’
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partar (noun m.): partar
notes
[7] Pǫrtum ‘Partar’: Who or (less likely) what is intended by this term, which also occurs in ESk Run 9/3II, is unknown; thorough studies by Poole (1980) and Townend (1998, 62-5) have not resolved the question.
fort ‘’
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fort (adv.)
por ‘’
port ‘The town’
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port (noun n.; °; -): [stronghold, town] < portgreifi (noun m.)
[8] port‑: ‘por‑’ J2ˣ, 68, ‘fort’ 325V
notes
[8] portgreifar ‘the town reeves’: In this context, it is clear that this word must have been a borrowing from the frequently-attested OE port-gerēfa ‘town reeve’ (a form of local official). It is however difficult to derive ON greifi directly from OE, and MLG is the most likely alternative (Hofmann 1955, 82; AEW: greifi). This example suggests that the simplex was already known, and that it influenced the form in which the OE cpd was borrowed. Sigvatr also uses it later, though with a Norwegian referent, in Berv 14/8II; see Note.
greifir ‘’
greifar ‘reeves’
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greifi (noun m.): count < portgreifi (noun m.)
[8] ‑greifar: ‘‑greifir’ R686ˣ
notes
[8] portgreifar ‘the town reeves’: In this context, it is clear that this word must have been a borrowing from the frequently-attested OE port-gerēfa ‘town reeve’ (a form of local official). It is however difficult to derive ON greifi directly from OE, and MLG is the most likely alternative (Hofmann 1955, 82; AEW: greifi). This example suggests that the simplex was already known, and that it influenced the form in which the OE cpd was borrowed. Sigvatr also uses it later, though with a Norwegian referent, in Berv 14/8II; see Note.
Ôleifi ‘Óláfr’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In ÓH-Hkr, Óláfr leads an army in a battle at Canterbury which culminates in their sacking of the town. The stanza is cited after Ótt Hfl 10. Fsk and ÓHLeg note that Óláfr’s eighth battle at Canterbury was once more against Danes, together with Wends; Fsk adds that they were Danakonungs menn ‘the men of the king of the Danes’.
For the battle at Canterbury, see also Ótt Hfl 10. — [1-4]: ÓHLeg does not name Sigvatr, but attributes the lines merely to skalldet ‘the poet’.
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