Sigv Víkv 4I
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Víkingarvísur 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 539.
Enn ‘Further’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
kvǫddu ‘’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
kvôðu ‘they said’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
[1] kvôðu: kvǫddu R686ˣ
notes
[1] kvôðu ‘they said’: It is not clear who this refers to, but Sigvatr elsewhere in this poem (sts 1/5-6, 11/5) stresses the fact that his information is based on hearsay, rather than experience.
gil ‘’
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gil (noun n.): ravine
Gunnar ‘of Gunnr’
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Gunnr (noun f.): Gunnr
kennings
galdrs Gunnar‘of a chant of Gunnr ’
= BATTLE
a chant of Gunnr → BATTLE
galdr ‘’
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galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation
gjalds ‘’
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gjald (noun n.): payment, reward, return
galdrs ‘of a chant’
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galdr (noun m.): chant, incantation
[2] galdrs: galdr J2ˣ, gjalds 325V, Flat, Tóm
kennings
galdrs Gunnar‘of a chant of Gunnr ’
= BATTLE
a chant of Gunnr → BATTLE
upphǫfum ‘the beginnings’
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upphaf (noun n.): beginning
valda ‘caused’
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valda (verb): cause
dýr ‘’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
dýrð ‘that glory’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
[3] dýrð: dýr J2ˣ, om. 325VI
þeims ‘for the one’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[3] þeims vel (‘þeim er vel’): vel þeim er J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, er þeim vel 61
vel ‘well’
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vel (adv.): well, very
[3] þeims vel (‘þeim er vel’): vel þeim er J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, er þeim vel 61
varðisk ‘who defended himself’
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3. verja (verb): defend
vinnask ‘was achieved’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
fjórða ‘for the fourth’
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fjórði (num. ordinal): fourth
sinni ‘time’
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2. sinni (noun n.; °-s;): time, occasion; company, following
olitum ‘’
ólítin ‘’
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ólítill (adj.): not small
ólítil ‘’
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ólítill (adj.): not small
ólítit ‘’
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ólítill (adj.): not small
ólítlum ‘’
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ólítill (adj.): not small
ólítill ‘the not little’
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ólítill (adj.): not small
[5] ólítill: ólítil R686ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, ólítin J2ˣ, 325V, ólítit 61, ólítlum Flat, ‘olitum’ Tóm
notes
[5] ólítill ‘not little’: The possibility of adopting the variant ólítinn with an adverbial sense ‘greatly’ is suggested by Finnur Jónsson in Hkr 1893-1901, IV, Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson in ÍF 27, and Fell (1981b) (‘violently’).
úti ‘out’
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úti (adv.): out, outdoors, out at sea, abroad
jǫfra ‘of the rulers’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
lið ‘’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
miðli ‘’
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milli (prep.): between
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
frið ‘’
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friðr (noun m.): peace
fiðr ‘’
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2. Finnr (noun m.): Finnr, Fiðr
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
gekk ‘was’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
sundr ‘sundered’
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sundr (adv.): (a)sunder
notes
[6-7] friðr á miðli liðs jǫfra gekk sundr ‘peace among the army of the rulers was sundered’: This implies the transition from peace to war within an attacking host led by two or more leaders, and would fit the situation described by Snorri (see Context), in which Óláfr is associated with Þorkell inn hávi ‘the Tall’ Strút-Haraldsson, brother of the Dane Sigvaldi jarl. Á miðli tends to mean ‘among’ (a large group, or more than two parties) and í miðli tends to mean ‘between’ (two parties), although the distinction is not absolute and many mss have variants with í and á respectively for these (LP: miðli).
með ‘’
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með (prep.): with
suðri ‘’
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2. suðr (adv.): south, in the south
saðri ‘’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
slíðri ‘dangerous’
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3. slíðr (adj.): [horrib, dangerous]
[7] slíðri: suðri 325VI, Tóm, saðri 61
notes
[7] slíðri ‘dangerous’: The adj. is rare as a simplex, though occurring in compounds such as slíðrhugaðr ‘ruthless-minded’ (Anon Liðs 6/5). The range of senses seems to be ‘terrible, cruel, fearsome, dangerous’ (cf. AEW: slíðr 2), but ‘dangerous’ seems appropriate in most cases. It is not clear why Suðrvík is described as ‘dangerous’ or ‘cruel’; Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) speculates that it was thought to be ‘dangerous to vikings’.
Suðrvík ‘Søndervig’
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Suðrvík (noun f.): [Søndervig]
notes
[8] Suðrvík ‘Søndervig’: Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27, 475) identifies this with Søndervig on the west coast of Jutland, and explains kuðri Dǫnum ‘known to the Danes’ as ‘in Denmark’. ÓHLeg (1982, 42-3) does not cite the stanza, but places the battle in England, presumably identifying Suðrvík with Southwark (see st. 6/8 and Note, below). Fell (1981b) points out that ‘a town or port in England might equally well be ... described’ as kuðri Dǫnum ‘known to the Danes’.
Dǫnum ‘to the Danes’
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Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane
kvedri ‘’
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Enn kvôðu gram Gunnar |
Further, they said the prince caused the beginnings of a chant of Gunnr <valkyrie> [BATTLE] for the fourth time — I heard that glory was achieved for the one who defended himself well —, when the not little peace among the army of the rulers was sundered out in dangerous Søndervig, known to the Danes.
Óláfr sails to Denmark where he is joined by Þorkell inn hávi. Together they take on numerous ships of vikings at a place called Suðrvík (Søndervig on the Jutland coast), winning the battle and much booty. The briefer account in ÓH does not mention Þorkell.
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