Sigv Víkv 14I
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Víkingarvísur 14’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 553.
malm ‘’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
Máls ‘’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
Malms ‘of the sword’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
[1] Malms: so Holm2, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, ‘Mals’ Kˣ, malms with malmr written above R686ˣ, malm 78aˣ, 61
kennings
Malms munnrjóðr,‘mouth-reddener of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the mouth of the sword, → SWORD BLADE
The reddener of the SWORD BLADE → WARRIOR
Malms ‘of the sword’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
[1] Malms: so Holm2, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, ‘Mals’ Kˣ, malms with malmr written above R686ˣ, malm 78aˣ, 61
kennings
Malms munnrjóðr,‘mouth-reddener of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the mouth of the sword, → SWORD BLADE
The reddener of the SWORD BLADE → WARRIOR
fann ‘’
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
rauð ‘’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
vann ‘fought’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
[1] vann Mœra hilmir: om. 78aˣ; vann: rauð 61, fann 325V
meira ‘’
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
Mœra ‘of the Mœrir’
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1. Mœrir (noun m.; °; -ir): pl. Mœrir
[1] vann Mœra hilmir: om. 78aˣ; Mœra: meira Bb
kennings
hilmir Mœra,‘the ruler of the Mœrir, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Mœrir, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
kennings
hilmir Mœra,‘the ruler of the Mœrir, ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Mœrir, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
munn ‘of the mouth’
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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth < munnrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Malms munnrjóðr,‘mouth-reddener of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the mouth of the sword, → SWORD BLADE
The reddener of the SWORD BLADE → WARRIOR
munn ‘of the mouth’
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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth < munnrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Malms munnrjóðr,‘mouth-reddener of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the mouth of the sword, → SWORD BLADE
The reddener of the SWORD BLADE → WARRIOR
rjóðr ‘The reddener’
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1. rjóðr (noun m.): reddener < munnrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Malms munnrjóðr,‘mouth-reddener of the sword’
= WARRIOR
the mouth of the sword, → SWORD BLADE
The reddener of the SWORD BLADE → WARRIOR
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[2] es kom sunnan: hugins kunnan 73aˣ, 78aˣ; es (‘er’): om. 68
Hugins ‘’
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1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
komt ‘’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
kom ‘he came’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
[2] es kom sunnan: hugins kunnan 73aˣ, 78aˣ; kom: komt R686ˣ, 61, 325V, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
kunnan ‘’
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kunnr (adj.): known (?)
sunnan ‘from the south’
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
[2] es kom sunnan: hugins kunnan 73aˣ, 78aˣ
gangr ‘’
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gangr (noun m.): going, walking; course; success
gagn ‘’
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1. gagn (noun n.): victory
gang ‘his way’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[3] gang: so R686ˣ, 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 68, 61, Bb, gangr Kˣ, gagn Holm2, J2ˣ, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
gamlr ‘’
gamlir ‘old’
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gamall (adj.; °gamlan; compar. & superl. ellri adj.): old
[3] gamlir: ‘gamlr’ R686ˣ
sungu ‘’
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syngja (verb): sing
sprungu ‘shattered’
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springa (verb): burst, spring apart
[3] sprungu: sungu 73aˣ, 78aˣ, 75c, 325V, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
geirir ‘’
út ‘’
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út (adv.): out(side)
á ‘’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
leitu ‘’
notes
[4, 6, 8] Leiru; Varrandi; Peitu ‘the Loire; Varrandi; Poitou’: Leira is the Loire, and there is indeed a Guerrande (now mostly spelt Guérande) at the mouth of this river, a name which accords well with Varrandi. However, it is in southern Brittany, not in Poitou, nor is it ‘far from the sea’ (l. 6). Sigvatr is either mildly confused in his geography here, or has conflated two or more separate incidents. Ótt Hfl 12/1-2 states that Óláfr ‘laid waste to Poitou’ and fought in Touraine (the area around Tours, also on the Loire). Óttarr’s stanza may indeed record raids in these areas that were not mentioned by Sigvatr, or that have not survived in Víkv (note that the numbering of battles has ceased by this point: see Introduction above). For Continental records of Óláfr’s stay in France, see Note to Ótt Hfl 12 [All].
varðuð ‘’
notes
[5] fyr Njǫrðum víga ‘for the Nirðir <gods> of battles [WARRIORS]’: The prep. fyr could mean either ‘before’, hence ‘(burned) by’, with the kenning referring to the attacking Scandinavian warriors (so Kock, NN §2470; Fell 1981b), or ‘for, to the disadvantage of’ (cf. Note to Hfr ErfÓl 24/8), referring to the inhabitants of the town (so ÍF 27). The translation here assumes the latter, since otherwise this would be the only full stanza without any mention of Óláfr’s opponents.
víga ‘of battles’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
kennings
Njǫrðum víga;‘the Nirðir of battles; ’
= WARRIORS
the Nirðir of battles; → WARRIORS
notes
[5] fyr Njǫrðum víga ‘for the Nirðir <gods> of battles [WARRIORS]’: The prep. fyr could mean either ‘before’, hence ‘(burned) by’, with the kenning referring to the attacking Scandinavian warriors (so Kock, NN §2470; Fell 1981b), or ‘for, to the disadvantage of’ (cf. Note to Hfr ErfÓl 24/8), referring to the inhabitants of the town (so ÍF 27). The translation here assumes the latter, since otherwise this would be the only full stanza without any mention of Óláfr’s opponents.
meiðum ‘’
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meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree
morði ‘’
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1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
kennings
Njǫrðum víga;‘the Nirðir of battles; ’
= WARRIORS
the Nirðir of battles; → WARRIORS
notes
[5] fyr Njǫrðum víga ‘for the Nirðir <gods> of battles [WARRIORS]’: The prep. fyr could mean either ‘before’, hence ‘(burned) by’, with the kenning referring to the attacking Scandinavian warriors (so Kock, NN §2470; Fell 1981b), or ‘for, to the disadvantage of’ (cf. Note to Hfr ErfÓl 24/8), referring to the inhabitants of the town (so ÍF 27). The translation here assumes the latter, since otherwise this would be the only full stanza without any mention of Óláfr’s opponents.
Varranda ‘’
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Varrandi (noun m.): Varrandi
notes
[4, 6, 8] Leiru; Varrandi; Peitu ‘the Loire; Varrandi; Poitou’: Leira is the Loire, and there is indeed a Guerrande (now mostly spelt Guérande) at the mouth of this river, a name which accords well with Varrandi. However, it is in southern Brittany, not in Poitou, nor is it ‘far from the sea’ (l. 6). Sigvatr is either mildly confused in his geography here, or has conflated two or more separate incidents. Ótt Hfl 12/1-2 states that Óláfr ‘laid waste to Poitou’ and fought in Touraine (the area around Tours, also on the Loire). Óttarr’s stanza may indeed record raids in these areas that were not mentioned by Sigvatr, or that have not survived in Víkv (note that the numbering of battles has ceased by this point: see Introduction above). For Continental records of Óláfr’s stay in France, see Note to Ótt Hfl 12 [All].
brennd ‘’
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3. brenna (verb; (weak, transitive)): to burn (weak, intr.)
brenndr ‘burned’
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3. brenna (verb; (weak, transitive)): to burn (weak, intr.)
[7] brenndr: brennd R686ˣ, 68
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
byggðu ‘the settlements’
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byggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): dwelling, settlement
landi ‘’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
bœr ‘the town’
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bœr (noun m.; °-jar/-ar, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja/-a, dat. -jum/-um/bjóm/-am/-m, acc. -i/-ja/-a/bǿ): farm, homestead
heitir ‘named’
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
svá ‘is so’
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svá (adv.): so, thus
fettu ‘’
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1. fetta (noun f.): °grimasse
Peita ‘’
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Peita (noun f.): Poitou
notes
[4, 6, 8] Leiru; Varrandi; Peitu ‘the Loire; Varrandi; Poitou’: Leira is the Loire, and there is indeed a Guerrande (now mostly spelt Guérande) at the mouth of this river, a name which accords well with Varrandi. However, it is in southern Brittany, not in Poitou, nor is it ‘far from the sea’ (l. 6). Sigvatr is either mildly confused in his geography here, or has conflated two or more separate incidents. Ótt Hfl 12/1-2 states that Óláfr ‘laid waste to Poitou’ and fought in Touraine (the area around Tours, also on the Loire). Óttarr’s stanza may indeed record raids in these areas that were not mentioned by Sigvatr, or that have not survived in Víkv (note that the numbering of battles has ceased by this point: see Introduction above). For Continental records of Óláfr’s stay in France, see Note to Ótt Hfl 12 [All].
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Malms vann Mœra hilmir |
The reddener of the mouth of the sword [(lit. ‘mouth-reddener of the sword’) SWORD BLADE > WARRIOR], the ruler of the Mœrir [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr], when he came from the south, fought his way up to the Loire, where old spears shattered. Varrandi, far from the sea in the settlements of Poitou, was burned for the Nirðir <gods> of battles [WARRIORS]; the town is so named.
Following a dream summoning him to kingship in Norway, Óláfr abandons his plan to visit the Holy Land and raids Peituland (Poitou), sacking a market town called Varrandi. The stanza follows immediately on from Ótt Hfl 12.
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