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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Leið 16^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Leiðarvísan 16’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 155.

Anonymous Poems Leiðarvísan

Reiddi ‘tossed’

(not checked:)
4. reiða (verb): make angry

rǫngum ‘the rib’

(not checked:)
rǫng (noun f.): frame, rib

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

studdan ‘supported’

(not checked:)
studdr (adj./verb p.p.): supported

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

ramn ‘raven’

(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven

[2] ramn: ‘rann’ B, ‘ran’ 624

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

notes

[2] ramn ‘raven’: B has ‘ran̄’, which one would expect to be expanded ‘rann’, nom. or acc. sg. of rann ‘house’. The 624 scribe, whose exemplar is B, writes ‘ran’. It is not possible to make sense of rann here, and m is required for aðalhending with Glamma. Sveinbjörn Egilsson first made the emendation to ramn in a marginal note to Jón Sigurðsson’s transcript of the 624 text, suggesting that the nasal stroke might have been misplaced, and that the exemplar read ‘rān’. A similar spelling variant (hramn) of hrafn m. ‘raven’ occurs in GSvert Hrafndr 7/3^IV. Hramn is probably to be construed as a horse-heiti, after King Áli’s horse of that name; cf. LP: 2. Hrafn.

þjóð ‘of the high’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people < þjóðtrǫð (noun f.)

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

þjóð ‘of the high’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people < þjóðtrǫð (noun f.)

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

traðar ‘way’

(not checked:)
trǫð (noun f.; °traðar; traðir): path < þjóðtrǫð (noun f.)

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

traðar ‘way’

(not checked:)
trǫð (noun f.; °traðar; traðir): path < þjóðtrǫð (noun f.)

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

Glamma ‘of Glammi’

(not checked:)
2. Glammi (noun m.): Glammi

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

notes

[2] Glamma: The sea-king Glammi appears in two of the lists of sækonunga heiti in þulur and in several ship- and sea-kennings (see LP: 2. Glammi).

Glamma ‘of Glammi’

(not checked:)
2. Glammi (noun m.): Glammi

kennings

rǫngum studdan ramn þjóðtraðar Glamma,
‘the rib-supported raven of the highway of Glammi, ’
= SHIP
the highway of Glammi, → SEA
the rib-supported raven of the SEA → SHIP

notes

[2] Glamma: The sea-king Glammi appears in two of the lists of sækonunga heiti in þulur and in several ship- and sea-kennings (see LP: 2. Glammi).

flóð ‘A flood’

(not checked:)
2. flóð (noun n.): flood

áðr ‘before’

(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before

foldu ‘land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

næði ‘could reach’

(not checked:)
1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

fjǫl ‘very’

(not checked:)
fjǫl- ((prefix)): very- < fjǫlkœnn (adj.)

kœnn ‘wise’

(not checked:)
2. kœnn (adj.; °superl. kǿnstr/kǿnastr): wise, skilful < fjǫlkœnn (adj.)

Nói ‘Noah’

(not checked:)
Nói (noun m.): [Noah]

grœnni ‘green’

(not checked:)
2. grœnn (adj.; °superl. grǿnastr/grǿnstr): green

en ‘and’

(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and

þás ‘once’

(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then

[5] þás (‘þa er’): þá 624

ǫrk ‘the Ark’

(not checked:)
ǫrk (noun f.; °arkar/erkr; erkr): [Ark, chest]

notes

[5] ǫrk ‘[Noah’s] ark’: The only reference to Noah’s Ark in skaldic poetry.

á ‘to the’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

landi ‘land’

(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land

ólesta ‘unbroken’

(not checked:)
ólestr (adj./verb p.p.): undamaged

vel ‘quite’

(not checked:)
vel (adv.): well, very

festi ‘was moored’

(not checked:)
2. festa (verb): fasten, betrothe, promise

þjóð ‘the people’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people

af ‘from’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

vel ‘’

(not checked:)
vel (adv.): well, very

þram ‘rim’

(not checked:)
þrǫmr (noun m.; °dat. þremi; gen. þrama): rail, rim < þramvalr (noun m.)

kennings

prúðum þram-Val;
‘the magnificent rim-Valr; ’
= SHIP
the magnificent rim-Valr; → SHIP

notes

[7] þram-Val ‘rim Valr <horse>’: The cpd is hap. leg., but Valr is named in Anon Kálfv 2/1^III as the horse of one Vésteinn, and appears very frequently in ship-kennings (see LP: Valr 2). The word is clearly related to valr, cognate with the first element in OE wealhhafoc ‘hawk, falcon’ (AEW: valr 2). The ornithological resonances shared by the two ship-kennings in this st. make for an interesting parallelism between the helmingar.

Val ‘Valr’

(not checked:)
Valr (noun m.; °; -ir): Valr, ?horse < þramvalr (noun m.)

[7] ‑Val: vel 624

kennings

prúðum þram-Val;
‘the magnificent rim-Valr; ’
= SHIP
the magnificent rim-Valr; → SHIP

notes

[7] þram-Val ‘rim Valr <horse>’: The cpd is hap. leg., but Valr is named in Anon Kálfv 2/1^III as the horse of one Vésteinn, and appears very frequently in ship-kennings (see LP: Valr 2). The word is clearly related to valr, cognate with the first element in OE wealhhafoc ‘hawk, falcon’ (AEW: valr 2). The ornithological resonances shared by the two ship-kennings in this st. make for an interesting parallelism between the helmingar.

prúðum ‘the magnificent’

(not checked:)
prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud

kennings

prúðum þram-Val;
‘the magnificent rim-Valr; ’
= SHIP
the magnificent rim-Valr; → SHIP

þat ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

vas ‘was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

dróttins ‘on the Lord’s’

(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

dag ‘day’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day

sótti* ‘proceeded’

(not checked:)
sœkja (verb): seek, attack

[8] sótti*: ‘sottizt’ B, 624

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verse
prose

The story of Noah’s flood is recounted in Gen. VI.9-IX.17. The exodus from the Ark is described in Gen. VIII.13-IX.17. Although the Noah story appears in the Sunday Lists preserved in Pseudo-Wulfstan Sermon XLV and the OIr. Cáin Domnaig, the Flood and the exodus from the Ark occur together, apart from here, only in the MHG homilies (see Introduction; Attwood 2003, 73). — [8]: B’s ‘sottizt’, indicating m.v. sóttisk ‘to be advanced (of a work in hand), be passed (of a road or distance)’, does not fit the context here. Skj B (following a suggestion of Konráð Gíslason mentioned in a n. to Skj A) and Skald emend to sótti* and this is followed here.

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