Sigv Nesv 3I
Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Nesjavísur 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 561.
þar ‘’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
Þat ‘It is’
[1] Þat: þar Tóm
unnc ‘’
af ‘’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
oss ‘’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
er ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
erumk ‘to me’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] erumk: ‘er unnc ⸜(ø)m⸝’(?) papp18ˣ, er af 61, er Flat, er oss FskAˣ
kunnr ‘’
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kunnr (adj.): known (?)
knítt ‘’
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knittr (noun m.): °?knægt, splejs
notes
[1] kunnt … hvé kennir ‘known … how the master’: Another juxtaposition of etymologically related words (see Note to st. 2/1).
hver ‘’
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
notes
[1] kunnt … hvé kennir ‘known … how the master’: Another juxtaposition of etymologically related words (see Note to st. 2/1).
kæmnir ‘’
(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
kennings
kennir frosts odda‘the master of the frost of points ’
= WARRIOR
the frost of points → BATTLE
the master of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[1] kunnt … hvé kennir ‘known … how the master’: Another juxtaposition of etymologically related words (see Note to st. 2/1).
karla ‘’
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karl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): (old) man
Karls ‘’
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2. Karl (noun m.): Karl < karlshǫfði (noun m.)
Karl ‘Karl’
[2] Karl‑: karla‑ papp18ˣ, R686ˣ, Karls‑ 972ˣ, ‘[...]rl‑’ Tóm
notes
[2] Karlhǫfða ‘Karlhǫfði (“Man-head”)’: Viking Age ships were most often named after animals (Jesch 2001a, 136-7). Snorri (ÍF 27, 59) explains Karlhǫfði as being named after a king’s head figurehead carved by King Óláfr himself, which set a fashion for rulers’ ships. Jesch (2001a, 137) inclines instead to the suggestion of Paasche (1914, 13) that the ship-name was influenced by Óláfr’s royal model Charlemagne (ON Karlamagnús).
hǫfði ‘’
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hǫfði (noun m.): Man-head < karlhǫfði (noun m.)
hǫfðann ‘’
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hǫfði (noun m.): Man-head < karlhǫfði (noun m.)
hǫfða ‘hǫfði (‘Man-head’)’
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hǫfði (noun m.): Man-head < karlhǫfði (noun m.)hǫfði (noun m.): Man-head < karlshǫfði (noun m.)
[2] ‑hǫfða: ‑hǫfðann 73aˣ, 61, ‑hǫfði Tóm
notes
[2] Karlhǫfða ‘Karlhǫfði (“Man-head”)’: Viking Age ships were most often named after animals (Jesch 2001a, 136-7). Snorri (ÍF 27, 59) explains Karlhǫfði as being named after a king’s head figurehead carved by King Óláfr himself, which set a fashion for rulers’ ships. Jesch (2001a, 137) inclines instead to the suggestion of Paasche (1914, 13) that the ship-name was influenced by Óláfr’s royal model Charlemagne (ON Karlamagnús).
lét ‘had’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
jarli ‘jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
orða ‘’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
eggja ‘’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
odda ‘of points’
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
[3] odda: eggja 61, orða DG8
kennings
kennir frosts odda‘the master of the frost of points ’
= WARRIOR
the frost of points → BATTLE
the master of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] frosts odda ‘of the frost of points [BATTLE]’: This use of frost evidently confused copyists, and its only analogue in a kenning is SnSt Ht 61/3III. Base-words in this kenning type normally denote dynamic weather phenomena, e.g. hagl ‘hail’, él ‘blizzard’ and þeyr ‘thawing wind’ (Meissner 178-82), rather than static ones such as frost. (LP: frost takes the word in Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3III as ‘mountain storm’ but this is uncertain.)
odda ‘of points’
(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
[3] odda: eggja 61, orða DG8
kennings
kennir frosts odda‘the master of the frost of points ’
= WARRIOR
the frost of points → BATTLE
the master of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] frosts odda ‘of the frost of points [BATTLE]’: This use of frost evidently confused copyists, and its only analogue in a kenning is SnSt Ht 61/3III. Base-words in this kenning type normally denote dynamic weather phenomena, e.g. hagl ‘hail’, él ‘blizzard’ and þeyr ‘thawing wind’ (Meissner 178-82), rather than static ones such as frost. (LP: frost takes the word in Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3III as ‘mountain storm’ but this is uncertain.)
froz ‘’
p̄tz ‘’
tfrost ‘’
(not checked:)
frost (noun n.): frost
frost ‘’
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frost (noun n.): frost
frests ‘’
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2. frest (noun n.): time
fróns ‘’
(not checked:)
2. frón (noun n.): earth, land
frorz ‘’
frosts ‘of the frost’
(not checked:)
frost (noun n.): frost
[3] frosts: ‘frorz’ Holm2, frost 972ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, 78aˣ, DG8, frests 68, ‘tfrost’ Bb, ‘p̄tz’ Tóm, ‘froz’ FskBˣ, fróns FskAˣ
kennings
kennir frosts odda‘the master of the frost of points ’
= WARRIOR
the frost of points → BATTLE
the master of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] frosts odda ‘of the frost of points [BATTLE]’: This use of frost evidently confused copyists, and its only analogue in a kenning is SnSt Ht 61/3III. Base-words in this kenning type normally denote dynamic weather phenomena, e.g. hagl ‘hail’, él ‘blizzard’ and þeyr ‘thawing wind’ (Meissner 178-82), rather than static ones such as frost. (LP: frost takes the word in Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3III as ‘mountain storm’ but this is uncertain.)
frosts ‘of the frost’
(not checked:)
frost (noun n.): frost
[3] frosts: ‘frorz’ Holm2, frost 972ˣ, 325VI, 321ˣ, 78aˣ, DG8, frests 68, ‘tfrost’ Bb, ‘p̄tz’ Tóm, ‘froz’ FskBˣ, fróns FskAˣ
kennings
kennir frosts odda‘the master of the frost of points ’
= WARRIOR
the frost of points → BATTLE
the master of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] frosts odda ‘of the frost of points [BATTLE]’: This use of frost evidently confused copyists, and its only analogue in a kenning is SnSt Ht 61/3III. Base-words in this kenning type normally denote dynamic weather phenomena, e.g. hagl ‘hail’, él ‘blizzard’ and þeyr ‘thawing wind’ (Meissner 178-82), rather than static ones such as frost. (LP: frost takes the word in Sveinn Norðrdr 1/3III as ‘mountain storm’ but this is uncertain.)
fyr ‘to the’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
austan ‘east’
(not checked:)
austan (adv.): from the east
agðr ‘’
nær ‘near’
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
lagði ‘’
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leggja (verb): put, lay
lagða ‘’
(not checked:)
leggja (verb): put, lay
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
ÓH-Hkr introduces the stanza after st. 2 (see Note to st. 3 [All] below). ÓHLeg introduces it after st. 6, explaining how the ships were brought together. The stanza is followed by a general summary of the battle. Fsk places st. 3 first in its account of the battle and describes how King Óláfr, despite having a smaller force than the jarl, brings his ship Karlhǫfði alongside the jarl’s and ties the prows together. The battle is noted to have been on Palm Sunday.
Fsk and ÓH-Hkr identify the source poem as Nesjavísur, in which Sigvatr tells in detail of the battle. It is specified in ÓH-Hkr that Sigvatr was present at the battle and composed the poem, a flokkr, the summer immediately after.
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