Matthew Townend (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Knútsdrápa 8’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 659.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
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í (prep.): in, into
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
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segl (noun n.; °-s; -): sail
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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3. rá (noun f.): sail-yard
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
[3] dýr: ‘dy’ Holm2
[3] vas dýr ‘was glorious’: Here as elsewhere Skald reads pres. tense es ‘is’ and elides (dýr’s), in order to preserve a strictly four-syllable line, but there is no ms. authority for this.
[3] vas dýr ‘was glorious’: Here as elsewhere Skald reads pres. tense es ‘is’ and elides (dýr’s), in order to preserve a strictly four-syllable line, but there is no ms. authority for this.
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dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
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dreki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): dragon, dragon-ship
[4] drekar: dreka 73aˣ, 68, 325V, Bb, Flat
[4] drekar ‘the dragon-ships’: Ships with dragons’ heads carved on their prows, for which there is archaeological evidence. Jesch (2001a, 127-8) sees dreki as a poetic term (of which this appears to be the earliest skaldic example) rather than a technical term referring to a particular type of warship.
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler
[4] land‑: ‘lan‑’ 325V
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reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler
[4] ‑reka: rekar Tóm, DG8
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[5] þeirs (‘þeir er’): þeir J2ˣ, 321ˣ, þá 73aˣ, ‘þieir er’ FskBˣ, þar DG8
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
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kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship
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vestan (prep.): from the west
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til (prep.): to
[6] til ‘there’: The fact that til ‘to’ is stressed here suggests that it has an adverbial function, hence kómu til ‘arrived there’, rather than being a prep. governing Limafjarðar ‘Limfjorden’.
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leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way
[7] leið: ‘[…]eið’ 325XI 1
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1. líða (verb): move, glide
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1. lim (noun f.; °; -ar): limb < Limafjǫrðr (noun m.): [Limfjorden]
[8] Limafjarðar ‘of Limfjorden’: Limfjorden is a major fjord in the north of Jutland, running approximately west-east from the North Sea to the Kattegat, between Vendsyssel and the rest of Jutland. It had silted up from the west by Saxo Grammaticus’s day (Saxo 2005, II, 11, 13, 5, pp. 48-9), but from evidence including the present stanza and Þloft Tøgdr 1/5, 6 it appears to have been fully navigable in the eleventh century (ÍF 28, 140 n.) — [8] brim Limafjarðar ‘the surf of Limfjorden’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, followed by ÓHLeg 1982) assumes tmesis, taking brim and leið (l. 7) together to form a cpd brimleið, hence ‘(travelled on) the surf-way, sea’. Kock (NN §650) takes leið Limafjarðar together, hence ‘on the Limfjorden-way’.
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1. lim (noun f.; °; -ar): limb < Limafjǫrðr (noun m.): [Limfjorden]
[8] Limafjarðar ‘of Limfjorden’: Limfjorden is a major fjord in the north of Jutland, running approximately west-east from the North Sea to the Kattegat, between Vendsyssel and the rest of Jutland. It had silted up from the west by Saxo Grammaticus’s day (Saxo 2005, II, 11, 13, 5, pp. 48-9), but from evidence including the present stanza and Þloft Tøgdr 1/5, 6 it appears to have been fully navigable in the eleventh century (ÍF 28, 140 n.) — [8] brim Limafjarðar ‘the surf of Limfjorden’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, followed by ÓHLeg 1982) assumes tmesis, taking brim and leið (l. 7) together to form a cpd brimleið, hence ‘(travelled on) the surf-way, sea’. Kock (NN §650) takes leið Limafjarðar together, hence ‘on the Limfjorden-way’.
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Limafjǫrðr (noun m.): [Limfjorden]
[8] Limafjarðar ‘of Limfjorden’: Limfjorden is a major fjord in the north of Jutland, running approximately west-east from the North Sea to the Kattegat, between Vendsyssel and the rest of Jutland. It had silted up from the west by Saxo Grammaticus’s day (Saxo 2005, II, 11, 13, 5, pp. 48-9), but from evidence including the present stanza and Þloft Tøgdr 1/5, 6 it appears to have been fully navigable in the eleventh century (ÍF 28, 140 n.) — [8] brim Limafjarðar ‘the surf of Limfjorden’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, followed by ÓHLeg 1982) assumes tmesis, taking brim and leið (l. 7) together to form a cpd brimleið, hence ‘(travelled on) the surf-way, sea’. Kock (NN §650) takes leið Limafjarðar together, hence ‘on the Limfjorden-way’.
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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < Limafjǫrðr (noun m.): [Limfjorden]
[8] Limafjarðar ‘of Limfjorden’: Limfjorden is a major fjord in the north of Jutland, running approximately west-east from the North Sea to the Kattegat, between Vendsyssel and the rest of Jutland. It had silted up from the west by Saxo Grammaticus’s day (Saxo 2005, II, 11, 13, 5, pp. 48-9), but from evidence including the present stanza and Þloft Tøgdr 1/5, 6 it appears to have been fully navigable in the eleventh century (ÍF 28, 140 n.) — [8] brim Limafjarðar ‘the surf of Limfjorden’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B, followed by ÓHLeg 1982) assumes tmesis, taking brim and leið (l. 7) together to form a cpd brimleið, hence ‘(travelled on) the surf-way, sea’. Kock (NN §650) takes leið Limafjarðar together, hence ‘on the Limfjorden-way’.
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