Sigv Erlfl 4^I

Réð ‘not’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

eigi ‘did’

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3. eigi (adv.): not

[1] eigi: added in the margin Holm2

grið ‘quarter’

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grið (noun n.): truce

notes

[1, 2, 4] nefna sér grið firða konungs ‘ask for quarter from the king’s men’: Lit. ‘name for himself quarter of the king’s men’. The construction nefna sér grið + acc./gen. appears to be unparalleled and the interpretation adopted here (and similarly ÍF 27 and Jón Skaptason 1983) is contextual. The proposed construction resembles beiða griða (gen. pl.) ‘ask for quarter’, found in legal contexts, with the person being asked in the acc. (see CVC: beiða I). Skj B instead construes firða konungs with the battle-kenning, giving kongens mænds angreb ‘the attack of the king’s men’.

gýgjar ‘of the axe’

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gýgr (noun f.): troll-woman

kennings

gýgjar ‘of the axe’

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gýgr (noun f.): troll-woman

kennings

geð ‘The tough’

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geð (noun n.): mind < geðstirðr (adj.): mind-strong

kennings

stirðr ‘minded’

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stirðr (adj.): stiff < geðstirðr (adj.): mind-strong

[2] ‑stirðr: stríðs 61, ‑stríðr 325V

kennings

konungs ‘the king’s’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

[2] konungs firða: firða konungs 321ˣ;    konungs: konung 73aˣ, konungr 325V, Bb, Flat

notes

[1, 2, 4] nefna sér grið firða konungs ‘ask for quarter from the king’s men’: Lit. ‘name for himself quarter of the king’s men’. The construction nefna sér grið + acc./gen. appears to be unparalleled and the interpretation adopted here (and similarly ÍF 27 and Jón Skaptason 1983) is contextual. The proposed construction resembles beiða griða (gen. pl.) ‘ask for quarter’, found in legal contexts, with the person being asked in the acc. (see CVC: beiða I). Skj B instead construes firða konungs with the battle-kenning, giving kongens mænds angreb ‘the attack of the king’s men’.

firða ‘men’

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1. firðr (noun m.; °; -ir): pl. Firðir

[2] konungs firða: firða konungs 321ˣ;    firða: virða 73aˣ, fyrða Holm4, 325VII, friða 325V

notes

[1, 2, 4] nefna sér grið firða konungs ‘ask for quarter from the king’s men’: Lit. ‘name for himself quarter of the king’s men’. The construction nefna sér grið + acc./gen. appears to be unparalleled and the interpretation adopted here (and similarly ÍF 27 and Jón Skaptason 1983) is contextual. The proposed construction resembles beiða griða (gen. pl.) ‘ask for quarter’, found in legal contexts, with the person being asked in the acc. (see CVC: beiða I). Skj B instead construes firða konungs with the battle-kenning, giving kongens mænds angreb ‘the attack of the king’s men’.

skers ‘of the skerry’

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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry

[3] skers: so Holm2, J2ˣ, 321ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, skærs Kˣ, ‘skotts’ Holm4, skógs 61, Flat, Tóm, ‘skocs’ 325V, Bb, skots 325VII

kennings

notes

[3] skers ‘of the skerry’: Both Skj and Skald select the variant skógs from three inferior mss, giving an axe-kenning gýgr skógs ‘giantess of the forest’, but this is not necessary as gýgr is a possible heiti for ‘axe’ (see Þul Øxar 1/6^III), and ‘the ground of the axe’ is a common pattern of kenning for ‘shield’, including some examples with sker (Meissner 169).

skers ‘of the skerry’

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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry

[3] skers: so Holm2, J2ˣ, 321ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, skærs Kˣ, ‘skotts’ Holm4, skógs 61, Flat, Tóm, ‘skocs’ 325V, Bb, skots 325VII

kennings

notes

[3] skers ‘of the skerry’: Both Skj and Skald select the variant skógs from three inferior mss, giving an axe-kenning gýgr skógs ‘giantess of the forest’, but this is not necessary as gýgr is a possible heiti for ‘axe’ (see Þul Øxar 1/6^III), and ‘the ground of the axe’ is a common pattern of kenning for ‘shield’, including some examples with sker (Meissner 169).

þótt ‘even though’

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þótt (conj.): although

skúrir ‘the showers’

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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower

[3] skúrir: skýrir Holm2, J2ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, 325VII, ‘skyr’ 321ˣ

kennings

þyrrit ‘did not let up’

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1. þverra (verb): diminish

[3] þyrrit: berðisk Holm2, J2ˣ, 321ˣ, 73aˣ, ‘þyrþit’ 68, vaxi Holm4, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, væri 61

Skjalgs ‘of Skjálgr’

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1. Skjalgr (noun m.): Skjálgr

kennings

notes

[4] hefnir Skjalgs ‘avenger of Skjálgr [= Erlingr]’: It is stated in Rǫgnvalds þáttr ok Rauðs that Erlingr’s father Þórólfr skjálgr was killed in an arson attack, but there is no record of any vengeance by Erlingr, who is said to have been a child at the time (ÓT 1958-2000, I, 316-18).

hefnir ‘avenger’

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hefnir (noun m.): avenger

kennings

notes

[4] hefnir Skjalgs ‘avenger of Skjálgr [= Erlingr]’: It is stated in Rǫgnvalds þáttr ok Rauðs that Erlingr’s father Þórólfr skjálgr was killed in an arson attack, but there is no record of any vengeance by Erlingr, who is said to have been a child at the time (ÓT 1958-2000, I, 316-18).

sér ‘for’

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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

[4] sér: svá 68

notes

[1, 2, 4] nefna sér grið firða konungs ‘ask for quarter from the king’s men’: Lit. ‘name for himself quarter of the king’s men’. The construction nefna sér grið + acc./gen. appears to be unparalleled and the interpretation adopted here (and similarly ÍF 27 and Jón Skaptason 1983) is contextual. The proposed construction resembles beiða griða (gen. pl.) ‘ask for quarter’, found in legal contexts, with the person being asked in the acc. (see CVC: beiða I). Skj B instead construes firða konungs with the battle-kenning, giving kongens mænds angreb ‘the attack of the king’s men’.

nefna ‘ask’

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2. nefna (verb): mention, name, call

notes

[1, 2, 4] nefna sér grið firða konungs ‘ask for quarter from the king’s men’: Lit. ‘name for himself quarter of the king’s men’. The construction nefna sér grið + acc./gen. appears to be unparalleled and the interpretation adopted here (and similarly ÍF 27 and Jón Skaptason 1983) is contextual. The proposed construction resembles beiða griða (gen. pl.) ‘ask for quarter’, found in legal contexts, with the person being asked in the acc. (see CVC: beiða I). Skj B instead construes firða konungs with the battle-kenning, giving kongens mænds angreb ‘the attack of the king’s men’.

En ‘And’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

varð ‘of the guarding’

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vǫrð (noun f.): woman < varðker (noun n.): guardian-vessel

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

varð ‘of the guarding’

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vǫrð (noun f.): woman < varðker (noun n.): guardian-vessel

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

keri ‘vessel’

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ker (noun n.): vessel < varðker (noun n.): guardian-vessel

[5] ‑keri: ‑kæri 68, Flat

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

keri ‘vessel’

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ker (noun n.): vessel < varðker (noun n.): guardian-vessel

[5] ‑keri: ‑kæri 68, Flat

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

virðir ‘appreciator’

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virðir (noun m.): [back, appreciator]

[5] virðir: virða 321ˣ, 73aˣ, virðan Holm4, verðar 61, Flat, víðan 325V, 325VII, ‘vnðan’ Bb, varðat Tóm

kennings

víð ‘the wide’

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víðr (adj.): far < víðbotn (noun m.): [wide base]

[6] víðbotn: við Bókn Holm2, 68, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, við Bukn 321ˣ, 73aˣ, ‘vijbokn’ 61

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

botn ‘base’

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botn (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): bottom < víðbotn (noun m.): [wide base]

[6] víðbotn: við Bókn Holm2, 68, 325V, 325VII, Bb, Flat, Tóm, við Bukn 321ˣ, 73aˣ, ‘vijbokn’ 61

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

né ‘will not’

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né (conj.): nor

[6] né: om. 61

kømr ‘come’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[6] kømr: temr 321ˣ

síðan ‘afterwards’

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síðan (adv.): later, then

[6] síðan: síðar Tóm

glyggs ‘of the storm’

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glygg (noun n.; °-s; -): storm

[7] glyggs: ‘gliygs’ Holm2, gauks 321ˣ, 73aˣ, gluggs 61, Flat

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

glyggs ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
glygg (noun n.; °-s; -): storm

[7] glyggs: ‘gliygs’ Holm2, gauks 321ˣ, 73aˣ, gluggs 61, Flat

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] víðbotn varðkeri glyggs ‘the wide base of the guarding-vessel of the storm [SKY > EARTH]’: Varðkeri glyggs ‘guarding-vessel of the storm’ is a sky-kenning which acts as the determinant for víðbotn ‘wide base’, producing a circumlocution for ‘earth’ (cf. Egill Arkv 18/7-8^V(Eg 114) á víðum botni vindkers ‘on the wide base of the wind-vessel [SKY > EARTH]’, and a further example in Meissner 87, where the present instance is regarded as uncertain). However, since -keri is in the dat. case, rather than gen., the construction should perhaps be regarded as kenning-like rather than a kenning. The dat. could be regarded (exceptionally) as poss., or else locative. An additional consideration is that víðbotn is very much a minority reading, though acceptable as the lectio difficilior in a context in which some scribes failed to understand the kenning and associated the word rather with the p. n. Bókn which has just been mentioned in the previous stanza.

á ‘onto’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[7] á: í 321ˣ, 73aˣ, af Flat

gjalfri ‘by the sea’

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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves

leygðan ‘washed’

[7] leygðan: ‘legþan’ Holm2, lokna 321ˣ, loknu 73aˣ, ‘luktan’ 61, Flat, byggðu 325V, ‘lygðan’ with ‘a’ written above ‘y’ 325VII, ‘ygðar’ Bb, ‘lugtan’ Tóm

geirs ‘of the spear’

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geirr (noun m.): spear

[8] geirs: geir 321ˣ

kennings

ofr ‘over’

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ofr (noun n.): high, rashness, over- < ofrhugi (noun m.): recklessness

[8] ofr‑: of Bb, hofr Tóm

hugi ‘bold one’

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hugi (noun m.; °-a): courage, thought < ofrhugi (noun m.): recklessness

[8] ‑hugi: huginn 73aˣ, 325VII

meiri ‘a greater’

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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most