Anon Leið 10^VII

Munk ‘I will’

(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must

kvað ‘said’

(not checked:)
2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet

vǫrðr ‘The warden’

(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender

[1] vǫrðr: so all others, ‘vo᷎rd[...]’ B

kennings

í ‘into’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

virða ‘of men’

(not checked:)
virðr (noun m.): man

vall ‘of the plain’

(not checked:)
vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < vallræfr (noun n.)

kennings

vall ‘of the plain’

(not checked:)
vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < vallræfr (noun n.)

kennings

ræfrs ‘roof’

(not checked:)
2. ræfr (noun n.): roof < vallræfr (noun n.)

[2] ‑ræfrs (‘‑ręfrss’): ‘ræfuls’ 624

kennings

ræfrs ‘roof’

(not checked:)
2. ræfr (noun n.): roof < vallræfr (noun n.)

[2] ‑ræfrs (‘‑ręfrss’): ‘ræfuls’ 624

kennings

liðu ‘the limbs’

(not checked:)
liðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. liðu): joint, limb

alla ‘all’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

stríð ‘afflictions’

(not checked:)
2. stríð (noun n.; °-s; -): affliction

þjá ‘will plague’

(not checked:)
þjá (verb): enslave, torture

drótt ‘mankind’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

til ‘unto’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

dauða ‘death’

(not checked:)
1. dauðr (noun m.; °-s): death

drjúg ‘’

(not checked:)
drjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari (drýgari [$1033$] „ ms. 56v‰, superl. -astr): very, excessive < drjúghvass (adj.)

hvasst ‘severely’

(not checked:)
hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp < drjúghvass (adj.)

ættum ‘’

(not checked:)
1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

eldum ‘fires’

(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

[4] eldum: ‘ęttum’ B, ættum 624, ‘ęllum’ 399a‑bˣ

notes

[4] eldum (dat. pl.) ‘fires’: The dat. is needed with kasta. It has not been possible to make sense of B’s reading ‘ęttum’, possibly dat. pl. of f. ætt, either an astronomical term referring to a portion, or ‘quarter’ of the heavens or, more commonly, a reference to kinship relations or family pedigree (cf. Fritzner: ætt). The word is clearly intended as the instrument of God’s threat to punish mankind for its failure to observe Sundays by throwing (kasta, l. 4) something painful into men’s limbs. Finnur Jónsson’s emendation (Skj B) to trega, dat. sg. of tregi ‘woe, sorrow’, bears no relation to the ms. reading. Kock’s suggestion (NN §2141) of eitrum or eitri, dat. pl. or dat. sg. of eitr ‘poison’ makes sense in the context and is in keeping with the threatening tone of the st. Most other versions of the Sunday Letter include fire as one of the punishments for failing to observe the sanctity of Sunday (Attwood 2003, 72). Thus emendation has been made to eldum, dat. pl. of eldr ‘fire’.

kasta ‘cast’

(not checked:)
1. kasta (verb): throw

ef ‘if’

(not checked:)
3. ef (conj.): if

veg ‘of the way’

(not checked:)
1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side < vegrunnr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

veg ‘of the way’

(not checked:)
1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side < vegrunnr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

veg ‘of the way’

(not checked:)
1. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar/-ir, gen. -a/-na, acc. -a/-i/-u): way, path, side < vegrunnr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

runnar ‘the trees’

(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree < vegrunnr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

vinna ‘work’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

varr ‘of the wake-’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

varr ‘of the wake-’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

varr ‘of the wake-’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

varr ‘of the wake-’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

elgs ‘elk’

(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

elgs ‘elk’

(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

elgs ‘elk’

(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

elgs ‘elk’

(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk < varrelgr (noun m.)

[6] varrelgs: ‘vardegls’ BRydberg, 624, 399a‑bˣ, ‘vareelgs’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

daga ‘days’

(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹‡n.); -ar): day

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

helga ‘on holy’

(not checked:)
heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred

[6] helga: so 624, ‘helg[...]’ B

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

elds ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

[7] elds: so 624, ‘[...]ll[...]z’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

elds ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹‰(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

[7] elds: so 624, ‘[...]ll[...]z’ B

kennings

notes

[5, 6, 7] vegrunnar elds varrelgs ‘way-trees of the fire of the wake-elk [SHIP > SEA > GOLD > SEAFARERS]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 60) follows 624’s and 399a-bˣ’s readings to give varðelg ‘guardian-elk’, but B reads ‘vareelgs’, though it is possible that the first <e> is meant to be a <d> (cf. Rydberg 1907, 5 n. 14). Skj B and Kock emend to varrelg, compounding elgr ‘elk’ with the poetic word vǫrr ‘wake of a ship’. Although varrelgr is not otherwise attested, elgr is often used in kennings for ships (LP: elgr). Vegr varrelgs ‘way of the wake-elk’ i.e. ‘way of the ship’ makes for an acceptable sea-kenning.

eða ‘or’

(not checked:)
eða (conj.): or

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

eigi ‘not’

(not checked:)
3. eigi (adv.): not

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

gjalda ‘pay’

(not checked:)
1. gjalda (verb): pay, repay

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

all ‘very’

(not checked:)
all- ((prefix)): very < allþétt (adv.)

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

þétt ‘energetically’

(not checked:)
þéttr (adj.): dense, watertight < allþétt (adv.)

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

tíund ‘tithe’

(not checked:)
tíund (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): [tithe]

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.

rétta ‘the correct’

(not checked:)
3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct

notes

[5, 6, 7] vinna allþétt helga daga eða eigi gjalda rétta tíund ‘[they] work very energetically on holy days or do not pay the correct tithe’: Kock (NN §3249) offers an alternative prose rendition, requiring a slight emendation, though he did not adopt it in Skald: vinna all[a] helga daga, eða gjalda eigi þétt rétta tíund ‘work on all holy days, or do not eagerly pay the correct tithe’.