Sigv Austv 17I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 17’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 606.
létt ‘’
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léttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): easy, light
vit ‘’
Lef ‘’
leit ‘’
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líta (verb): look, see; appear
Létk ‘I kept’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
[1] Létk (‘Let ec’): ‘Lef vit’ 972ˣ, lét 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 325VII, Tóm, leit Flat, létt ek Bb
notes
[1, 4] létk haldit ‘I kept’: The meaning is more literally ‘I caused to be kept’ (cf. st. 2/1-2 lét ... dreginn ‘I had dragged’), but the construction is a common periphrasis: see CVC: láta IV. 3.
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
yðr ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
enn ‘’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[1] es (‘er’): en R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, Holm4, 325VII, enn 972ˣ, 73aˣ, 61, Flat, Tóm
itræn ‘’
ítru ‘’
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ítr (adj.): glorious
ítri ‘’
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ítr (adj.): glorious
ítra ‘’
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ítr (adj.): glorious
ítran ‘the excellent’
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ítr (adj.): glorious
[1] ítran: ítru R686ˣ, ‘itræn’ 972ˣ, ítra 325VI, Flat, ítri 73aˣ, 61, 325VII
Óláf ‘’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
notes
[2] Ôleifr ‘Óláfr’: The archaic form, though not here demanded by the rhyme, is the usual one before c. 1100, and it is required elsewhere in Sigvatr’s poetry (e.g., Víkv 9/8 and Nesv 5/4). On the development of the form, see Gordon (1957, 238-9).
huggað ‘’
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hugga (verb): comfort
hugar ‘’
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage
hugat ‘conscientiously’
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huga (verb): consider, mind, think
[2] hugat: hugar 68, huggað Tóm
notes
[2] hugat môlum ‘conscientiously ... arrangements’: Hugat is here read as a n. p. p., used adverbially: cf. the adverbial rétt ‘precisely’ in l. 3. It is tempting to read these two words, with Konráð Gíslason (1860b, 333 n. 1), as a cpd equivalent to hugaðsmôlum. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) actually supplies the latter form (spelt hugaz-môlum), assigning it the meaning fortroliger aftaler ‘confidential arrangements’, but there is no ms. support for making the first constituent gen. Cf. Noreen (1923, 41), and Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 177-8).
môlum ‘to the arrangements’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
notes
[2] hugat môlum ‘conscientiously ... arrangements’: Hugat is here read as a n. p. p., used adverbially: cf. the adverbial rétt ‘precisely’ in l. 3. It is tempting to read these two words, with Konráð Gíslason (1860b, 333 n. 1), as a cpd equivalent to hugaðsmôlum. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) actually supplies the latter form (spelt hugaz-môlum), assigning it the meaning fortroliger aftaler ‘confidential arrangements’, but there is no ms. support for making the first constituent gen. Cf. Noreen (1923, 41), and Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 177-8).
retter ‘’
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3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
rétt ‘precisely’
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3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
[3] rétt es (‘rett er’): ‘retter at’ R686ˣ
at ‘’
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4. at (conj.): that
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
at ‘’
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4. at (conj.): that
es ‘when’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[3] rétt es (‘rett er’): ‘retter at’ R686ˣ; es (‘er’): er at 972ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, ok 61
ríkjan ‘’
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
ríkan ‘the powerful’
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
[3] ríkan: ríkjan R686ˣ, 68, Bb
hittan ‘’
hittak ‘I met with’
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hitta (verb): meet, encounter
[3] hittak: so 325V, 972ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, ‘hittan’ Holm2, hitta 325VI
regn ‘’
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regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
Rǫgn ‘Rǫgn’
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rǫgn (noun n.): the gods (in names) < Rǫgnvaldr (noun m.): Rǫgnvaldr
[4] Rǫgnvald: Rǫgnvaldr 972ˣ, 325VI, ‘regnvadd’ 325VII
vadd ‘’
vald ‘valdr’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < Rǫgnvaldr (noun m.): Rǫgnvaldr
[4] Rǫgnvald: Rǫgnvaldr 972ˣ, 325VI, ‘regnvadd’ 325VII
konungs ‘’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
konung ‘’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
konungr ‘King’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
[4] konungr: konung 325VI, konungs 325VII
haldit ‘’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
notes
[1, 4] létk haldit ‘I kept’: The meaning is more literally ‘I caused to be kept’ (cf. st. 2/1-2 lét ... dreginn ‘I had dragged’), but the construction is a common periphrasis: see CVC: láta IV. 3.
dellda ‘’
Deildak ‘I dealt’
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2. deila (verb; °-ld-): share out, deal
[5] Deildak (‘deilda ec’): ‘dellda ek’ Bb
máls ‘’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
môl ‘arrangements’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
[5] môl: so 325VI, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Kˣ, Bb, máls Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Tóm
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
við ‘’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
enn ‘’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
mildan ‘’
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
milda ‘generous one’
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
[5] milda: mildan 325VI
malfa ‘’
malma ‘of metal weapons’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
[6] malma: ‘malfa’ Bb
kennings
vǫrðr malma;‘guardian of metal weapons; ’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
guardian of metal weapons; → WARRIOR = Óláfr
vǫrð ‘’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
vǫrðum ‘’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
vǫrðs ‘’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
norðr ‘’
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2. norðr (adv.): north
vǫrðr ‘guardian’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
[6] vǫrðr: so 325V, Tóm, Bb, vǫrðs Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 68, Holm4, Kˣ, vǫrð 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 325VII, vǫrðum 61, norðr Flat
kennings
vǫrðr malma;‘guardian of metal weapons; ’
= WARRIOR = Óláfr
guardian of metal weapons; → WARRIOR = Óláfr
notes
[6] vǫrðr ‘guardian’: Some of the mss have gen. sg. vǫrðs. Kock in NN §629 prefers the vocative reading, but in §3031 he defends the gen. one (with vǫrðs qualified by ens/ins milda ‘of the generous’ in l. 5), while Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 27) regards it as implausible that Sigvatr should have formed the gen. of vǫrðr as anything but varðar. Jón Skaptason (1983, 98) adopts the poss. reading and has ens/ins milda malma vǫrðs ‘of the generous guardian of metals’ depend on mál/môl ‘arrangements’ in l. 5.
notes
[6] í gǫrðum ‘in the courts’: Ternström (1871, 50) would read í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’, and Schreiner (1927-9c, 44-5) adopts this reading in support of his hypothesis that Austv is an amalgam of two poems. Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 179-80) also interprets the phrase this way, noting that in that event ens/ins milda ‘of the generous one’ in l. 5 must qualify môl ‘arrangements’ rather than gǫrðum. (Skj B takes gǫrðum ens/ins milda heiðmanns ‘courts of the generous jarl’ together.) For counter-arguments, see Toll (1927-9) and Patzig (1930b, 93-4). Finnur Jónsson (1934a, 16) argues that the claim in Fsk (cf. ÍF 29, 180) that Sigvatr visited Russia is the result of a misinterpretation of this stanza (which is not quoted in Fsk).
notes
[6] í gǫrðum ‘in the courts’: Ternström (1871, 50) would read í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’, and Schreiner (1927-9c, 44-5) adopts this reading in support of his hypothesis that Austv is an amalgam of two poems. Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 179-80) also interprets the phrase this way, noting that in that event ens/ins milda ‘of the generous one’ in l. 5 must qualify môl ‘arrangements’ rather than gǫrðum. (Skj B takes gǫrðum ens/ins milda heiðmanns ‘courts of the generous jarl’ together.) For counter-arguments, see Toll (1927-9) and Patzig (1930b, 93-4). Finnur Jónsson (1934a, 16) argues that the claim in Fsk (cf. ÍF 29, 180) that Sigvatr visited Russia is the result of a misinterpretation of this stanza (which is not quoted in Fsk).
hǫrða ‘’
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Hǫrðar (noun m.): the Hǫrðar
mjǫk ‘’
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
magr ‘’
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magr (adj.): lean
mǫgr ‘’
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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy
mǫrg ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
[7] mǫrg: so R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, Holm4, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, mǫgr Holm2, 325V, 61, 325VII, mjǫk 972ˣ, magr 68
er ‘’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
heyrðat ‘’
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2. heyra (verb): hear
heðra ‘’
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heðra (adv.): here
heyrði ‘’
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2. heyra (verb): hear
heyrðak ‘heard’
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2. heyra (verb): hear
[7] heyrðak (‘ec heyrþac’): ek heyrðat 325V, ek heyrði héðra 61
heiðr ‘’
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1. heiðr (noun m.; °heiðrs/heiðar, dat. heiðri/heiðr): honour - gen. -rs
heið ‘’
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2. heið (noun n.; °; -): clear sky < heiðmaðr (noun m.): [paid men]
[8] heið‑: heiðr 73aˣ
manns ‘of a tributary [Rǫgnvaldr]’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < heiðmaðr (noun m.): [paid men]maðr (noun m.): man, person
tǫlu ‘’
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1. tala (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): [speeches]
tǫlu ‘’
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1. tala (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): [speeches]
tǫlur ‘speeches’
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1. tala (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): [speeches]
[8] tǫlur: tǫlu 325VI, tǫlu corrected from ‘tǫlur’ 325VII
greiðar ‘’
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greiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. greiðastr/greiztr): smooth, easy
greiða ‘’
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greiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. greiðastr/greiztr): smooth, easy
greðri ‘’
greiðri ‘more loyal’
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greiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. greiðastr/greiztr): smooth, easy
[8] greiðri: ‘greðri’ 325V, greiðar R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 68, greiða Kˣ
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Létk við yðr, es ítran, |
I kept conscientiously, precisely, to the arrangements with you, King Óláfr, when [I met with] the excellent, when I met with the powerful Rǫgnvaldr. I dealt with very many arrangements in the courts of the generous one, guardian of metal weapons [WARRIOR = Óláfr]; I have not heard more loyal speeches of a tributary [Rǫgnvaldr].
Sigvatr delivers Austv 1 then this and the following three stanzas to King Óláfr at his court after his return from the east. The four stanzas are written out with no intervening prose.
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