Sigv Austv 16^I

birta ‘’

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2. birta (verb; °-rt-): reveal

Búa ‘decorate’

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2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

[1] Búa: birta 75a

hilmis ‘of the ruler’

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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

sal ‘the hall’

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1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall

hjǫlmum ‘with helmets’

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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet

hirð ‘Courtiers’

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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB— 53‡)): retinue < hirðmaðr (noun m.): retainer

notes

[2] hirðmenn ‘courtiers’: This is one of the earliest attestations of this borrowing of OE hīredmenn ‘household retainers’: see Hofmann (1955, 57-8), and see Note to l. 8 below; see also Sigv Nesv 6/3 hirð and Note.

menn ‘’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person < hirðmaðr (noun m.): retainer

notes

[2] hirðmenn ‘courtiers’: This is one of the earliest attestations of this borrowing of OE hīredmenn ‘household retainers’: see Hofmann (1955, 57-8), and see Note to l. 8 below; see also Sigv Nesv 6/3 hirð and Note.

þeirs ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

val ‘’

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2. valr (noun m.; °-s): falcon

svan ‘the swan’

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svanr (noun m.; °-s; -ir): swan

[2] svan: val 61

kennings

grenna ‘feed’

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1. grenna (verb): feed

notes

[2] grenna ‘feed’: The verb (AEW: grenna 2) also occurs in Sigv Lv 21/7, and the nomen agentis grennir ‘feeder’ is common in warrior-kennings (e.g. Halli XI Fl 2/8^II hrafngrennir ‘raven-feeder’, and see Note; also Meissner 294). There may also be word-play on the more usual meaning ‘make thin’ (AEW: grenna 1).

hér ‘here’

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hér (adv.): here

[3] hér: om. 325V

kveð ‘’

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kveða (verb; kveð, kvað, kveðinn): (str.) say, recite, sing

sék ‘I see’

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2. sjá (verb): see

[3] sék (‘se ec’): sé R686ˣ, kveð ek Kˣ

bems ‘’

bens ‘of the wound’

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2. ben (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

[3] bens: ‘bems’ J2ˣ

kennings

á ‘’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[3] ok: á 61

brynjur ‘’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat

búnum ‘’

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2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

brynju ‘’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat

brynjum ‘mail-shirts’

(not checked:)
1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat

[3] brynjum: brynjur R686ˣ, 972ˣ, brynju 325VI, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Kˣ, búnum 61

beggja ‘of both’

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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both

kost ‘the choicest’

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1. kostr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): choice, food, goods, good quality

á ‘on’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

veggjum ‘the walls’

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1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall

Því ‘And’

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því (adv.): therefore, because

[5] Því á: so Kˣ, Bb, því at Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm

at ‘’

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4. at (conj.): that

á ‘so’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[5] Því á: so Kˣ, Bb, því at Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

ungs ‘’

(not checked:)
ungr (adj.): young

ungr ‘young’

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ungr (adj.): young

[5] ungr konungr: ungs konungs 75a, 73aˣ, konungr ungr Tóm

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

konungs ‘’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

konungr ‘king’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

[5] ungr konungr: ungs konungs 75a, 73aˣ, konungr ungr Tóm

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

engi ‘no’

(not checked:)
2. engi (pron.): no, none

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

ugg ‘’

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uggr (noun m.; °dat. -): fear < ugglauss (adj.): fearless

ygg ‘a doubt’

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2. yggr (adj.): [a doubt] < ygglauss (adj.): [without fear]

[6] ygg‑: so 325V, 972ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Tóm, ugg‑ Holm2, R686ˣ, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Kˣ, Bb

laust ‘without’

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lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < ygglauss (adj.): [without fear]lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < ugglauss (adj.): fearless

es ‘is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

þat ‘that’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[6] þat: om. Flat

tryggra ‘’

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tryggr (adj.; °tryggan/tryggvan; compar. -ari/-vari; superl. -jastr/-astr): loyal

dyggva ‘’

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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy

dyggr ‘’

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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy

þyggra ‘’

dyggra ‘has worthier’

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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy

[6] dyggra: so J2ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 325VII, Tóm, Bb, dyggva Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, tryggra 972ˣ, ‘þyggra’ Flat, dyggr Kˣ

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

hús ‘’

(not checked:)
hús (noun n.; °-s; -): house < húsbúnaðr (noun m.)hús (noun n.; °-s; -): house

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

búaði ‘’

búnaði ‘hangings’

(not checked:)
búnaðr (noun m.): [hangings] < húsbúnaðr (noun m.)

[7] ‑búnaði: ‘‑bvadi’ 325V

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

á ‘’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

at ‘to’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

[7] at: á 972ˣ, om. 75a, 73aˣ, á corrected from at 325VII

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

hrósar ‘’

(not checked:)
hrósa (verb): praise

hrósa ‘boast of’

(not checked:)
hrósa (verb): praise

[7] hrósa: hrósar 75a, 73aˣ

notes

[5, 6-7] því á engi ungr konungr dyggra húsbúnaði at hrósa ‘and so no young king has worthier hangings to boast of’: (a) Því (n. dat. sg., l. 5) is here assumed to be the adv. ‘and so, therefore’, while á is ‘has’, 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of eiga (so also ÍF 27; Hkr 1991). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B adopts the ÓH reading því(a)t ‘because’ (so Fms, Konráð Gíslason 1892, 179 and, with different syntax, Gering 1912, 143). This produces superior meaning but has the disadvantage of requiring the reading á ‘has’ for at ‘to’ in l. 7, whereas at is what all the most reliable mss say. (c) Því cannot be a dat. of comparison, ‘(worthier) than that’, because in that event one would expect it to be stressed and to be m. in agreement with húsbúnaði ‘hangings’.

hǫll ‘the hall’

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1. hǫll (noun f.; °hallar, dat. -u/-; hallir): hall

notes

[8] hǫll ‘the hall’: Sigvatr is the first named skald to use this word in reference to a jarl’s or a king’s hall, doubtless because of English influence at the court of Óláfr (cf. OE heall): see Hofmann (1955, 50).

es ‘is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

dýrst ‘’

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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

dýr ‘costly’

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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

[8] dýr: dýrst R686ˣ, 972ˣ

með ‘in’

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með (prep.): with

ǫllu ‘every respect’

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allr (adj.): all