RvHbreiðm Hl 18III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 18’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1026.
Gramr ‘ruler’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
framr ‘The outstanding’
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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
gerði ‘created’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
rimmu ‘a conflict’
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rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
[1] rimmu: runnu papp25ˣ, ‘rumno’ R683ˣ
gekk ‘went’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
fekk ‘got’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
vargr ‘the wolf’
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vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
drekka ‘drink’
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2. drekka (verb; °drekkr; drakk, drukku; drukkinn/drykkinn): drink
blóð ‘blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
þjóð ‘people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
bragningr ‘the lord’
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bragningr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
háði* ‘conducted’
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2. heyja (verb): fight, wage (battle)
[3] háði*: ‘hadis’ papp25ˣ, óðu by later correction in the hand of Rugman R683ˣ
notes
[3] háði* (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘conducted’: The nonsensical ‘hadis’ has been changed to háði ‘conducted, held’ with most earlier eds.
bǫð ‘a battle’
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bǫð (noun f.; °-s; -): battle
glǫð ‘happy’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
víg ‘the battle’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle < vígstǫð (noun f.)
kennings
vígstǫðva;‘the battle-harbour; ’
= BATTLEFIELD
the battle-harbour; → BATTLEFIELD
stǫðva ‘harbour’
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stǫð (noun f.; °; -var): harbour < vígstǫð (noun f.)
[4] ‑stǫðva: ‘sloda’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
kennings
vígstǫðva;‘the battle-harbour; ’
= BATTLEFIELD
the battle-harbour; → BATTLEFIELD
notes
[4] -stǫðva ‘-harbour’: Lit. ‘harbours’. The ms. reading ‘sloda’ (i.e. slóða ‘of tracks’ (?) or vígslóða ‘section on manslaughter’) makes no sense in the context and fails to furnish the aðalhending. Skj B suggests ‑stǫðva ‘harbours,’ ‘landing-places’, which has been adopted by subsequent eds.
lǫng ‘The long’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
kennings
Lǫng tunga slíðra‘The long tongue of scabbards ’
= SWORD
The long tongue of scabbards → SWORD
slíðra ‘of scabbards’
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2. slíðr (noun n.; °; -): sheath
kennings
Lǫng tunga slíðra‘The long tongue of scabbards ’
= SWORD
The long tongue of scabbards → SWORD
notes
[5] tunga slíðra ‘tongue of scabbards [SWORD]’: For singing tongues of scabbards, see Glúmr Gráf 4/5I. See also st. 74/1 below.
tunga ‘tongue’
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tunga (noun f.; °-u; -ur): tongue, language
kennings
Lǫng tunga slíðra‘The long tongue of scabbards ’
= SWORD
The long tongue of scabbards → SWORD
notes
[5] tunga slíðra ‘tongue of scabbards [SWORD]’: For singing tongues of scabbards, see Glúmr Gráf 4/5I. See also st. 74/1 below.
sleit ‘tore’
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slíta (verb): to tear
beit ‘bit’
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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
atfleyg ‘the soaring’
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atfleygr (noun m.): [soaring]
[6] atfleyg: ‘at flæg’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
bar ‘carried’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
notes
[7] þar *; hæri ‘where; the more distinguished’: Both mss read þar er ‘there where’. If that reading is kept, the word in the cadence must be a verb and not an adj. Kock therefore suggests harði (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of hara ‘stare’), which makes little sense semantically and seems to have resulted from Finnur Jónsson’s misreading (in Skj A) of ‘hæri’ in R683ˣ as ‘hari’. A verbal form herðisk ‘strengthened himself’ would be possible, but from Rugman’s initial copy it does not appear that this many letters were illegible, and the addition of <ri> could mean that he was able to make out the letters that he had previously been uncertain of.
notes
[7] þar *; hæri ‘where; the more distinguished’: Both mss read þar er ‘there where’. If that reading is kept, the word in the cadence must be a verb and not an adj. Kock therefore suggests harði (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of hara ‘stare’), which makes little sense semantically and seems to have resulted from Finnur Jónsson’s misreading (in Skj A) of ‘hæri’ in R683ˣ as ‘hari’. A verbal form herðisk ‘strengthened himself’ would be possible, but from Rugman’s initial copy it does not appear that this many letters were illegible, and the addition of <ri> could mean that he was able to make out the letters that he had previously been uncertain of.
buðlungr ‘prince’
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buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
hæri ‘the more distinguished’
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
[7] hæri: so R683ˣ, ‘hæ …’ by later correction in the hand of Rugman papp25ˣ
notes
[7] þar *; hæri ‘where; the more distinguished’: Both mss read þar er ‘there where’. If that reading is kept, the word in the cadence must be a verb and not an adj. Kock therefore suggests harði (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of hara ‘stare’), which makes little sense semantically and seems to have resulted from Finnur Jónsson’s misreading (in Skj A) of ‘hæri’ in R683ˣ as ‘hari’. A verbal form herðisk ‘strengthened himself’ would be possible, but from Rugman’s initial copy it does not appear that this many letters were illegible, and the addition of <ri> could mean that he was able to make out the letters that he had previously been uncertain of.
bjart ‘a cheerful’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
snart ‘brave’
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold
í ‘to’
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í (prep.): in, into
styr ‘battle’
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
hjarta ‘heart’
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The outstanding ruler created a conflict; people went happy to the battle-harbour [BATTLEFIELD]; the wolf got blood to drink; the lord conducted a battle. The long tongue of scabbards [SWORD] sang; the soaring spear tore, bit; there, the more distinguished prince carried a cheerful, brave heart to battle.
As st. 17 above.
[6]: The reading ‘at flæg væita’ is difficult to restore. Veita is an obvious misreading of peita ‘spear’ (Rugman mistook <p> for insular <v>; see also sts 44/9, 56/1, 67/2). Peita is a spear, and the word is first attested with this meaning in Eþver Lv 1/8I, dated to 1024. ON Peita is the name for Poitou, which was famous for its spears (Falk 1914b, 75; Þul Spjóts l. 8). Previous eds interpret ‘at flæg’ variously as ørlyg ‘shield’ (Skj B) and at flaug ‘after the flight’ (Skald; NN §1159). SnE 1848, 240 has at flög ‘in the swarm’ (?), which is difficult to make sense of. However, the metre requires the nominal syllable in position 4 to be short if the word in position 3 is a form word (at flug ‘after the flight’ would be possible). Holtsmark (Hl 1941) suggested a cpd adj. atfleyg ‘soaring’ with a heavy dip in position 4. That reading makes the most sense from a palaeographical point of view and has been adopted here. For [ey] rendered as <æ> in papp25ˣ and R683ˣ, see Hl 1941, 105. — [8]: For this line, see also Anon Krm 5/10VIII.
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