RvHbreiðm Hl 16III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 16’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1023.
Harðr ‘The harsh one’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[1] Harðr vann: Harðr papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
ráð ‘control’
(not checked:)
ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
ríki ‘power’
(not checked:)
ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power
réð ‘ruled’
(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[2] réð (‘red’): so R683ˣ, reið papp25ˣ
hans ‘him’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
enginn ‘none’
(not checked:)
2. engi (pron.): no, none
notes
[2] enginn líki ‘none to match’: Lit. ‘No match’. These words are underscored with dots in papp25ˣ, which indicates that Rugman was uncertain about the reading. The line lacks internal rhyme, but the word in the cadence rhymes with the last word in the preceding line (runhent), which does not otherwise occur in munnvǫrp.
líki ‘match’
(not checked:)
4. líka (verb): please
notes
[2] enginn líki ‘none to match’: Lit. ‘No match’. These words are underscored with dots in papp25ˣ, which indicates that Rugman was uncertain about the reading. The line lacks internal rhyme, but the word in the cadence rhymes with the last word in the preceding line (runhent), which does not otherwise occur in munnvǫrp.
… ‘…’
(not checked:)
(non-lexical)
hann ‘he’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
gagn ‘victory’
(not checked:)
1. gagn (noun n.): victory
af ‘from’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
gunni ‘the battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle
gnóg ‘abundant’
(not checked:)
gnógr (adj.; °compar. gnógari/gnǿgri, superl. gnógastr/gnǿgstr): abundant
dag ‘day’
(not checked:)
dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
… ‘…’
(not checked:)
(non-lexical)
… ‘…’
(not checked:)
(non-lexical)
vell ‘the gold’
(not checked:)
vell (noun n.): gold < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
[5] vellbrota: vellbrjóta R683ˣ
kennings
vellbrota‘the gold-breaker ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the gold-breaker → GENEROUS MAN
brota ‘breaker’
(not checked:)
broti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): breaker < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
[5] vellbrota: vellbrjóta R683ˣ
kennings
vellbrota‘the gold-breaker ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the gold-breaker → GENEROUS MAN
vissu ‘knew’
(not checked:)
1. vita (verb): know
víst ‘certainly’
(not checked:)
1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)
skjǫldungar ‘lords’
(not checked:)
skjǫldungr (noun m.): king
flestir ‘most’
(not checked:)
fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
[6] flestir: ‘fle …’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
notes
[6] flestir ‘most’: The word can be reconstructed with a fair amount of certainty because of the internal rhyme.
… ‘…’
(not checked:)
(non-lexical)
Agnars ‘Agnarr’s’
(not checked:)
Agnarr (noun m.): Agnarr
kennings
bróður Agnars.‘Agnarr’s brother. ’
= Ívarr
Agnarr’s brother. → Ívarr
notes
[7] Agnars ‘Agnarr’s’: He was Ívarr’s half-brother, as they were sons of Ragnarr by different mothers.
bróður ‘brother’
kennings
bróður Agnars.‘Agnarr’s brother. ’
= Ívarr
Agnarr’s brother. → Ívarr
notes
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
gǫrvallra ‘complete’
(not checked:)
gǫrvallr (adj.): everything
notes
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
beina ‘bones’
(not checked:)
bein (noun n.; °-s; -): bone
notes
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As st. 15 above.
[1]: The line is one syllable too short, but Rugman does not indicate that anything is missing. Kock (NN §3115) inserts the verb vann ‘gained’ in position 2, which is plausible from a metrical and syntactic point of view, and has been adopted in the present edn. It remains conjectural. Jón Helgason suggests that an initial syllable was omitted, and he conjectures a cpd sóknharðr or ógnharðr ‘battle-hard’ (Hl 1941). That suggestion must be rejected for metrical reasons (a disyllabic cpd cannot occur before the first alliterating stave). — [1-4]: The first helmingr is distorted beyond reconstruction in Rugman’s transcriptions. — [3]: The clause is missing a verb, and Skj B and Skald supply fekk ‘got’ in position 1. Jón Helgason (Hl 1941) maintains that fá gagn af gunni ‘get victory from the battle’ is rather awkward, but that construction occurs elsewhere in poetry (see Glúmr Gráf 2/3I hann fekk gagn af gunni). — [4]: The line contains only two words, gnóg (f. nom. sg. or n. nom./acc. pl.) ‘abundant’ and dag (m. acc. sg.) ‘day’ and it cannot be reconstructed. It is possible that gnóg could have been connected with gagn (l. 3): gnóg gagn ‘abundant victories’. Kock’s suggestions (NN §§3115, 3237) are conjectural and must be dismissed. — [5]: Earlier eds (Kock, Jón Helgason) supply the pron. þann (m. acc. sg.) ‘that’ in position 1 as a qualifier to vellbrota ‘gold-breaker’. However, Type C-lines with an adjectival pron. in anacrusis are extremely rare (see Gade 1995a, 123-8), and it would also violate the word order in an independent clause. It is more likely that the word missing in anacrusis was a connective (ok, en ‘and, but’). — [7]: The missing word in position 1 (or positions 1-2 if disyllabic) must carry alliteration and have a vocalic onset. Jón Helgason (Hl 1941) suggests an adj. qualifying bróður Agnars ‘Agnarr’s brother’ (æra ‘younger’ or ítran ‘splendid’). While it is likely that the word could have been an adj., the word itself cannot be reconstructed.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.