RvHbreiðm Hl 12III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 12’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1020.
Segik ‘I say’
(not checked:)
segja (verb): say, tell
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
fell ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
flagða ‘of troll-women’
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flagð (noun n.): troll-woman
kennings
grástóð flagða‘grey stud-horses of troll-women ’
= WOLVES
grey stud-horses of troll-women → WOLVES
fekk ‘got’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
blóð ‘blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
grástóð ‘grey stud-horses’
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grástóð (noun n.): grey stud-horse
[2] grástóð mǫrg þjóð: mǫrg þjóð grá stóð R683ˣ
kennings
grástóð flagða‘grey stud-horses of troll-women ’
= WOLVES
grey stud-horses of troll-women → WOLVES
mǫrg ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
[2] grástóð mǫrg þjóð: mǫrg þjóð grá stóð R683ˣ
þjóð ‘people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
[2] grástóð mǫrg þjóð: mǫrg þjóð grá stóð R683ˣ
hjalmsamt ‘the helmet-adorned’
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hjalmsamr (adj.): [helmet-adorned]
[3] hjalmsamt: ‘…’ papp25ˣ, ‘hialm seimt’ added later by Rugman R683ˣ
notes
[3] hjalmsamt ‘helmet-adorned’: The reading of R683ˣ, ‘hialm seimt’, cannot be construed to make any sense, and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds.
lið ‘host’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
með ‘alongside’
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með (prep.): with
hilmi ‘the ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
hjǫrr ‘a sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
gnast ‘cracked’
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gnesta (verb): emit crashing sound
skjǫldr ‘a shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
brast ‘burst’
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1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split
stóð ‘stood’
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standa (verb): stand
fast ‘firmly’
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fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast
[4] fast: so R683ˣ, ‘fas[…]’ papp25ˣ
Hold ‘flesh’
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hold (noun n.; °-s; -): flesh
beit ‘bit’
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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
hrátt ‘raw’
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hrár (adj.): raw
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
fyldisk ‘was filled’
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fylla (verb): fill
hringr ‘sword’
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
notes
[6] hringr ‘a sword’: See Note to st. 41/1.
þuðr ‘The slender’
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þunnr (adj.): slender, thin
vargs ‘the wolf’s’
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vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf
muðr ‘mouth’
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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth
óx ‘intensified’
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase
hirð ‘the retinue’
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
jók ‘increased’
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1. auka (verb; °eykr; jók, jóku/juku): (str. intrans.) increase
hermenn ‘warriors’
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hermaðr (noun m.): warrior
gerðu ‘created’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
hjósk ‘exchanged blows’
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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
lið ‘the host’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
sið ‘custom’
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siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals
ófrið ‘hostility’
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ófriðr (noun m.): unrest
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
I say that many people fell, and grey stud-horses of troll-women [WOLVES] got blood; the helmet-adorned host stood firmly alongside the ruler; a sword cracked; a shield burst. The slender sword bit raw flesh, and the wolf’s mouth was filled; battle intensified; the retinue increased hostility; warriors created that custom; the host exchanged blows.
As st. 11 above.
[2]: Skj and Skald follow the word order of R683ˣ here. — [7-8]: Skj B reads hirð jók þann sið ‘the retinue increased that custom’ and hermenn gerðu ófrið ‘warriors created hostility.’ For the word order of the present edn, which is also adopted in Hl 1941, see NN §1158.
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