RvHbreiðm Hl 9-10III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 9-10’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1017.
Heldr ‘very’
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heldr (adv.): rather
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
Helgi ‘Helgi’
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Helgi (noun m.): Helgi
mildr ‘generous’
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
hjǫrva ‘with the swords’’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
notes
[2] hjǫrva ‘the swords’’: This must be a determinant in a battle-kenning, and most eds supply regn ‘rain’ (‘swords’ rain’, i.e. ‘battle’).
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
gegn ‘honourable’
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1. gegn (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-str): reliable
[2] gegn: regn corrected from gegn R683ˣ
háði ‘he waged’
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2. heyja (verb): fight, wage (battle)
hjalms ‘the helmet’s’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
notes
[3] hjalms ‘the helmet’s’: This must also be a determinant in a kenning, but the base-word cannot be reconstructed.
við ‘against’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[4] †hin† ‘…’: This word cannot be reconstructed. In R683ˣ, Rugman renders it as the inflectional ending of the last word in l. 3 (þjóðir (f. nom. or acc. pl.) ‘people’), but that is unlikely because that ending is unmetrical.
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
gerðisk ‘came about’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
geira ‘of spears’
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geirr (noun m.): spear
[5] geira: so R683ˣ, corrected from gera papp25ˣ
kennings
harðr gnýr geira‘a hard crash of spears ’
= BATTLE
a hard crash of spears → BATTLE
harðr ‘a hard’
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
kennings
harðr gnýr geira‘a hard crash of spears ’
= BATTLE
a hard crash of spears → BATTLE
gnýr ‘crash’
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
harðr gnýr geira‘a hard crash of spears ’
= BATTLE
a hard crash of spears → BATTLE
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
†ordo† ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
… ‘’
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(non-lexical)
flaug ‘flew’
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fljúga (verb): fly
notes
[7] flaug ‘flew’: This is most likely the 3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of fljúga ‘fly’ but it could also be the noun ‘flight’ (so Hl 1941).
bǫðvar ‘of battle’
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bǫð (noun f.; °-s; -): battle
kennings
tungl bǫðvar‘the moon of battle ’
= SHIELD
the moon of battle → SHIELD
kennings
tungl bǫðvar‘the moon of battle ’
= SHIELD
the moon of battle → SHIELD
á ‘toward’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
stǫð ‘the landing place’
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stǫð (noun f.; °; -var): harbour
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
hvít ‘the white’
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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white
klofnaði ‘was cloven’
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klofna (verb): cleave
rít ‘shield’
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rít (noun f.): shield
blóði ‘with blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
fekk ‘got’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
veitti ‘gave’
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
notes
[13] vísi ‘ruler’: See Note to st. 19/3.
nýtr ‘the bountiful’
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
… ‘’
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(non-lexical)
fúsliga ‘eagerly’
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fúsliga (adv.): [eagerly]
Fenris ‘Fenrir’s’
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Fenrir (noun m.): Fenrir
átti ‘got’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
ben ‘wound’
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1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
egg ‘the edge’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
sundraði ‘shattered’
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sundra (verb): shatter, sunder
legg ‘the leg’
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leggr (noun m.; °-jar, dat. -; -ir): limb
Gauts ‘of Gautr’
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2. Gautr (noun m.): Gautr, Óðinn
notes
[19] Gauts ‘of Gautr <= Óðinn>’: This gen. could belong either to the preceding or to the following clause.
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
gerði ‘made’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
… ‘…’
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(non-lexical)
malms ‘metal’s’
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
sakaðr ‘the damaged’
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saka (verb): blame, be guilty
notes
[20] sakaðr hjalmr (m. nom. sg.) ‘the damaged helmet’: This has been taken here as the subject of gerði ‘made’ (l. 19).
hjalmr ‘helmet’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
notes
[20] sakaðr hjalmr (m. nom. sg.) ‘the damaged helmet’: This has been taken here as the subject of gerði ‘made’ (l. 19).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Helgi was very generous with the swords’ … and honourable; he waged the helmet’s … … against people; a hard crash of spears [BATTLE] came about and … … flew the moon of battle [SHIELD] toward the landing place … the white shield was cloven … with blood … got victory; the bountiful ruler gave … eagerly quickly; Fenrir’s <wolf’s> got wound … the edge shattered the leg; of Gautr <= Óðinn>, and the damaged helmet made … metal’s …
The variant is not named, but the metre is that of SnSt Ht 51 (inn mesti stúfr ‘the greatest apocopated’), which is not otherwise attested outside the two claves metricae. Each line contains five syllables (catalectic dróttkvætt).
The metre is not named (titulus deest ‘the heading is missing’), and the two stanzas cannot be reconstructed. Together they are made up of twenty lines, but it is unclear whether we are dealing with two ten-line stanzas or one eight-line plus a twelve-line stanza (so the reconstruction in Hl 1941, although Jón Helgason leaves open the possibility of two ten-line stanzas; the comparable stanza in SnSt Ht (st. 51) has 8 lines). Finnur Jónsson and Kock did not use papp25ˣ and Skj B and Skald are based only on R683ˣ. Both eds contain faulty line-divisions and give two eight-line stanzas in which the lines can contain 5-7 syllables. Because the text in the two mss is so fragmentary, the present edn makes no attempt to speculate about possible reconstructions. Earlier attempts at reconstruction are entirely conjectural and have little or no support in the ms. witnesses. — The hero eulogised is probably Helgi Hundingsbani ‘Slayer of Hundingr’ (see HHund I-II). According to Old Norse sources he was the son of Sigmundr and the half-brother of Sigurðr (see sts 3-4). In Danish tradition he was confused with Helgi Hálfdanarson, father of Hrólfr kraki ‘Pole-ladder’ (see sts 37-8). — [16]: The line could also be construed as Fenris átt í ben ‘Fenrir’s family [WOLVES] into the wound’.
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