RvHbreiðm Hl 79III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 79’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1089.
Ǫrt ‘swiftly’
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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
rauð ‘reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
Óláfr ‘Óláfr’
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
snyrtis ‘the sword’s’
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snyrtir (noun m.): polisher
egg ‘edge’
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
gall ‘rang’
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gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for
hjǫrr ‘the sword’
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
notes
[2] við ‘against’: (a) The present edn follows Hl 1941. The reading is conjectural and both mss have skar ‘cut’. Rugman may have mistaken a prep. (við ‘against’ + acc. pl. (?)) for the verb skar ‘cut’. Admittedly, it is difficult to see how við could be read as skar, but Rugman’s transcription of the word in papp25ˣ (‘ṣc̣ạṛ’), shows that he was uncertain about all of the letters in that word (see the discussion in Hl 1941). The verb skar with the object legg ‘leg’ occurs in st. 77/1, 4 as well, and could have influenced Rugman’s interpretation of a word he was unable to make out (see also beit egg manns legg ‘an edge bit a man’s leg’ in st. 78/2, the stanza directly preceding this one). (b) Skj B renders the line as egg gall; hjǫrr skar leggi ‘the edge resounded; the sword cut legs’, which is in violation of álagsháttr (positions 2-6 ought to form one independent clause; see Note to l. 1 above). (c) Kock also construes two clauses (positions 2-6): hjǫrr gall; skar leggi ‘the sword resounded; [it] cut the legs’ which creates an awkward, tripartite line and again violates the syntactic pattern of álagsháttr.
leggi ‘legs’
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leggr (noun m.; °-jar, dat. -; -ir): limb
dunði ‘resounded’
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dynja (verb; °dunði): resound
bitr ‘the sharp’
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bitr (adj.; °bitran; superl. bitrastr): sharp, biting
á ‘against’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
brynjur ‘byrnies’
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
brandr ‘blade’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
skôru ‘cut’
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skera (verb): cut
spjǫr ‘spears’
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spjǫr (noun n.): spear
randir ‘shields’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
Bitu ‘bit’
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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite
rammslegin ‘Hard-hammered’
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rammsleginn (adj./verb p.p.): [Hard-hammered]
kennings
Rammslegin reyr rimmu‘Hard-hammered reeds of battle ’
= SWORDS
Hard-hammered reeds of battle → SWORDS
rimmu ‘of battle’
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rimma (noun f.; °-u): battle
kennings
Rammslegin reyr rimmu‘Hard-hammered reeds of battle ’
= SWORDS
Hard-hammered reeds of battle → SWORDS
reyr ‘reeds’
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2. reyr (noun n.): reed
kennings
Rammslegin reyr rimmu‘Hard-hammered reeds of battle ’
= SWORDS
Hard-hammered reeds of battle → SWORDS
knôttu ‘’
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knega (verb): to know, understand, be able to
ben ‘wounds’
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2. ben (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
dreyra ‘bled’
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dreyra (verb; °-rð-): bleed
ferð ‘the company’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
fylkir ‘the ruler’
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
barðisk ‘fought’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
fell ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
hné ‘sank’
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hníga (verb): sink, fall
drótt ‘the retinue’
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
at ‘to’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
velli ‘the ground’
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The verse-form is called álagsháttr (‘Alaxs hottʀ’) ‘extension’s form’ (cf. SnSt Ht 27), and it is characterised by sentence boundaries after metrical position 1 in all even lines, with a new clause beginning in position 2 and extending over positions 2-6. The word in metrical position 1 in the even line belongs syntactically to the previous odd line.
As was the case with tilsegjandi ‘annotating’ (sts 67-8), the clause arrangement in this verse-form is also frequently attested in dróttkvætt poetry, but never as systematised as in these stanzas and in Ht. — The king commemorated is Óláfr kyrri ‘the Quiet’ Haraldsson, a son of Haraldr harðráði and king of Norway 1066-93. He died of an illness on 22 or 23 September 1093. See Anon Nkt 40-1II and his Biography in SkP II. — [3]: For this line, see Note to st. 75/5.
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