Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 78

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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RvHbreiðm Hl 78^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 78’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1088.

Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson Háttalykill

77 78 79

Ben ‘A wound’

(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound

notes

[1] ben svall ‘a wound swelled’: See st. 42/2.

svall ‘swelled’

(not checked:)
1. svella (verb): swell

notes

[1] ben svall ‘a wound swelled’: See st. 42/2.

notes

[3] var ‘was’: For the rhotacised [r] in this word, see Note to st. 13/1 above. See also st. 78/1 above.

rǫnd ‘a shield-rim’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim

skar ‘cut’

(not checked:)
skera (verb): cut

rendr ‘the drawn’

(not checked:)
rendr (adj./verb p.p.): [edged]

notes

[4] rendr ‘drawn’: Rendr ‘drawn’ (p. p. of renna ‘set in motion’) could also be translated as ‘edged’, i.e. ‘provided with an edge (of iron)’ (see Heggstad et al. 2008: renna 4), which would be the p. p. of a weak verb *renda (< *randjan), derived from *randu ‘edge’ (ON rǫnd).

hjǫrr ‘sword’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

ben ‘wound’

(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound < benstǫrr (noun m.): [wound-sedge-grass]

kennings

benstǫrr
‘wound-sedge-grass ’
= SWORD
wound-sedge-grass → SWORD

notes

[4] benstǫrr ‘the wound-sedge-grass [SWORD]’: For stǫrr ‘sedge-grass’, see st. 40/8.

stǫrr ‘sedge-grass’

(not checked:)
stǫrr (noun f.; °dat. -u): [sedge-grass] < benstǫrr (noun m.): [wound-sedge-grass]

kennings

benstǫrr
‘wound-sedge-grass ’
= SWORD
wound-sedge-grass → SWORD

notes

[4] benstǫrr ‘the wound-sedge-grass [SWORD]’: For stǫrr ‘sedge-grass’, see st. 40/8.

Rautt ‘Red’

(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red

[5] Rautt: ‘raut’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

blóð ‘blood’

(not checked:)
blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood

rann ‘poured’

(not checked:)
2. renna (verb): run (strong)

þjóð ‘from people’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people

riðu ‘swung’

(not checked:)
1. ríða (verb): ride

sverð ‘swords’

(not checked:)
sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword

hné ‘fell’

(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall

ferð ‘the company’

(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey

almr ‘an elm-bow’

(not checked:)
almr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): bow, elm-bow

hrauzk ‘discharged itself’

(not checked:)
1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy

[7] hrauzk (‘raudz’): so R683ˣ, ‘rauds’ papp25ˣ

notes

[7] hrauzk ‘discharged itself’: For the papp25ˣ form of this verb, ‘rauds’, see Note to st. 77/5.

hræ ‘carrion’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion

bauzk ‘was offered’

(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite

hrafns ‘of the raven’

(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven

[8] hrafns: ‘rams’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[8] hrafns ‘of the raven’: The ms. form ‘rams’ reflects loss of initial h- (see Note to ll. 5-8 above), assimilation fn > mn and loss of medial ‑n- in the consonant cluster ‑mns (see Hl 1941, 113).

ætt ‘to the family’

(not checked:)
1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

óslætt ‘not bluntly’

(not checked:)
óslær (adj.): [keenest]

[8] óslætt: so R683ˣ, óslæt papp25ˣ

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

As st. 77 above.

[5-8]: The second helmingr can be interpreted in two different ways, depending on whether the phonetic forms are Norwegian or Icelandic. Rugman consistently renders the consonant cluster hr- as <r> (loss of initial h- can be dated to the end of the Viking Age in Norway, but h- was preserved in Icelandic; see Seip 1955, 68, 76, 162). In rautt (‘raut’, both mss, l. 5) we are dealing either with a Norwegian form of the verb hrjóta ‘gush’ (hraut) or with the adj. rautt (n. nom. sg.) ‘red’ (with <t> possibly representing <tt>; see Note to st. 4/3). If the skald (Rǫgnvaldr?) used Norwegian forms in this stanza, l. 5 must be rendered as raut blóð; rann þjóð ‘blood gushed; people ran’ and l. 7 as almr rauzk; ræ bauzk ‘an elm-bow was reddened; carrion was offered’. In that case, the adv. óslætt ‘not bluntly’ (l. 8) must be assigned to the first clause in l. 6: sverð riðu óslætt ‘swords swung not bluntly’ (so R683ˣ) or óslæt sverð riðu ‘sharp (lit. not blunt) swords swung’ (so papp25ˣ). See the discussion in Hl 1941 and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, II, 86-8).

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RvHbreiðm Hl 78III

Ben ‘A wound’

notes

svall ‘swelled’

notes

brandr ‘a blade’

gall ‘resounded’

beit ‘bit’

egg ‘an edge’

manns ‘a man’s’

legg ‘leg’

roðin ‘reddened’

var ‘was’

notes

rǫnd ‘a shield-rim’

skar ‘cut’

rendr ‘the drawn’

notes

hjǫrr ‘sword’

ben ‘wound’

kennings

notes

stǫrr ‘sedge-grass’

kennings

notes

Rautt ‘Red’

blóð ‘blood’

rann ‘poured’

þjóð ‘from people’

riðu ‘swung’

sverð ‘swords’

hné ‘fell’

ferð ‘the company’

almr ‘an elm-bow’

hrauzk ‘discharged itself’

notes

hræ ‘carrion’

bauzk ‘was offered’

hrafns ‘of the raven’

notes

ætt ‘to the family’

óslætt ‘not bluntly’

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RvHbreiðm Hl 78^III