Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 75

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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RvHbreiðm Hl 75^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 75’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1085.

Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson Háttalykill

74 75 76

notes

[1] hneiti ‘the sword’: See Note to st. 17/2.

mildr ‘the generous’

(not checked:)
mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous

fylkir ‘leader’

(not checked:)
fylkir (noun m.): leader

vann ‘waged’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

hildi ‘war’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle

snjallr ‘the clever’

(not checked:)
snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold

gerði ‘caused’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

styr ‘battle’

(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle

stillir ‘prince’

(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler

stóð ‘exuded’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

ógn ‘terror’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle

af ‘from’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

gram ‘the lord’

(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

gram þjóðar.
‘the lord of the people. ’
= RULER
the lord of the people. → RULER

þjóðar ‘of the people’

(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people

kennings

gram þjóðar.
‘the lord of the people. ’
= RULER
the lord of the people. → RULER

Dunðu ‘resounded’

(not checked:)
dynja (verb; °dunði): resound

[5] Dunðu: ‘dunde’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[5] dunðu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic.) ‘resounded’: Dunði (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘resounded’ has been emended to the pl. to agree with the pl. subject dǫrr ‘spears’. It is unlikely that the forms ‘dor’ and ‘daur’ could represent the sg. darr ‘spear’ orthographically, whereas the final syllable in ‘dunde’ (so both mss) could well reflect Norwegian vowel reduction in final syllables (-u > -e; see Note to st. 74/5-8 and Hl 1941, 110). For the loss of final -r in ‘dor/daur’, see Note to st. 5/2.

dǫrr ‘Spears’

(not checked:)
dǫrr (noun m.): spear

[5] dǫrr: ‘dor’ papp25ˣ, ‘daur’ R683ˣ

á ‘against’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[5] á brynju ‘against the byrnie’: So papp25ˣ. Brynjur ‘byrnies’ (R683ˣ) is also possible, and preferred by previous eds.

brynju ‘the byrnie’

(not checked:)
1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat

[5] brynju: brynjur R683ˣ

notes

[5] á brynju ‘against the byrnie’: So papp25ˣ. Brynjur ‘byrnies’ (R683ˣ) is also possible, and preferred by previous eds.

drótt ‘retinue’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

hilmis ‘the ruler’s’

(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

[6] hilmis: hilmir papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[6] hilmis (m. gen. sg.) ‘the ruler’s’: With earlier eds, hilmir (m. nom. sg.) ‘ruler’ has been emended to the gen. sg. to provide a qualifier for drótt ‘retinue’. Rugman (or an earlier copyist) must have understood this clause in the sense hilmir rak flótta drótt ‘the ruler pursued the fleeing retinue’ (cf. Rugman’s translation Rex fugavit timidos ‘The king routed the fainthearted’ in R683ˣ). See Hl 1941.

rak ‘pursued’

(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force

flótta ‘those who fled’

(not checked:)
flótti (noun m.): flight, fleeing

egg ‘edge’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade

brast ‘burst’

(not checked:)
1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split

hǫrð ‘the hard’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

í ‘as’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

notes

[7] í hǫggvi ‘as it struck’: Lit. ‘in the strike’.

hǫggvi ‘it struck’

(not checked:)
hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow

notes

[7] í hǫggvi ‘as it struck’: Lit. ‘in the strike’.

hjǫrr ‘the sword’

(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

beit ‘bit’

(not checked:)
bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite

… ‘…’

(not checked:)
(non-lexical)

gǫrva ‘thoroughly’

(not checked:)
gǫrva (adv.): fully

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

The caption is áttmælt (‘Attmælt’) ‘eight-times spoken’ (cf. SnSt Ht 10). The metre is dróttkvætt, and each line forms an independent clause.

As with sextánmælt ‘sixteen-times spoken’ (see sts. 41-2), this syntactic pattern is not uncommon in dróttkvætt poetry, and it is not necessary (with Holtsmark, Hl 1941, 127) to look for Latin models for this variant. — The king is Magnús inn góði ‘the Good’ Óláfsson (d. 25 October 1047), the son of Óláfr Haraldsson. See Anon Nkt 33-5^II and his Biography in SkP II. — [5]: The line recalls Þham Magndr 3/1^II dunði broddr á brynju ‘the arrow-point resounded against the byrnie’, which commemorates Magnús berfœttr ‘Barelegs’ Óláfsson’s famous battle against two Norman earls in the Menai Strait (1098). The present poet must have known Þorkell’s stanza, and the borrowing is clearly intentional. — [8]: The line is incomplete and cannot be restored. The missing words must be a prep. or connective (in metrical position 3) followed by a short, bimoraic noun, a pronoun or a finite verb in metrical position 4 (e.g. at þat, í því ‘at that’, ok skar ‘and cut’). Jón Helgason (Hl 1941) suggests í styr ‘in battle’, which is metrically correct but unlikely, since styr also occurs in l. 3.

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RvHbreiðm Hl 75III

Mætr ‘Splendid’

rauð ‘reddened’

Magnús ‘Magnús’

hneiti ‘the sword’

notes

mildr ‘the generous’

fylkir ‘leader’

vann ‘waged’

hildi ‘war’

snjallr ‘the clever’

gerði ‘caused’

styr ‘battle’

stillir ‘prince’

stóð ‘exuded’

ógn ‘terror’

af ‘from’

gram ‘the lord’

kennings

þjóðar ‘of the people’

kennings

Dunðu ‘resounded’

notes

dǫrr ‘Spears’

á ‘against’

notes

brynju ‘the byrnie’

notes

drótt ‘retinue’

hilmis ‘the ruler’s’

notes

rak ‘pursued’

flótta ‘those who fled’

egg ‘edge’

brast ‘burst’

hǫrð ‘the hard’

í ‘as’

notes

hǫggvi ‘it struck’

notes

hjǫrr ‘the sword’

beit ‘bit’

… ‘…’

gǫrva ‘thoroughly’

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RvHbreiðm Hl 75^III