RvHbreiðm Hl 71III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 71’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1080.
Óláfr ‘Óláfr’
(not checked:)
Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
rauð ‘reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
éli ‘the hailstorm’
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
éli Yggjar;‘the hailstorm of Yggr; ’
= BATTLE
the hailstorm of Yggr; → BATTLE
Yggjar ‘of Yggr’
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1. Yggr (noun m.): Yggr
kennings
éli Yggjar;‘the hailstorm of Yggr; ’
= BATTLE
the hailstorm of Yggr; → BATTLE
slíðra ‘of scabbards’
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2. slíðr (noun n.; °; -): sheath
kennings
bryggjur slíðra‘bridges of scabbards ’
= SWORDS
bridges of scabbards → SWORDS
notes
[2] bryggjur slíðra ‘bridges of scabbards [SWORDS]’: This is given variously as a kenning for ‘shield’ or ‘sword’ in LP (bryggja; 1. slíðr), but would appear to mean ‘sword’ in the present context. The referent ‘sword’ can be explained by the use of ‘bridge’ as a variation of ‘piece of wood’ which is qualified by ‘scabbard’.
bryggjur ‘bridges’
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1. bryggja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. bryggna): landing, bridge, gangway, quay
kennings
bryggjur slíðra‘bridges of scabbards ’
= SWORDS
bridges of scabbards → SWORDS
notes
[2] bryggjur slíðra ‘bridges of scabbards [SWORDS]’: This is given variously as a kenning for ‘shield’ or ‘sword’ in LP (bryggja; 1. slíðr), but would appear to mean ‘sword’ in the present context. The referent ‘sword’ can be explained by the use of ‘bridge’ as a variation of ‘piece of wood’ which is qualified by ‘scabbard’.
veitk ‘I know’
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1. vita (verb): know
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
notes
[3] vísi ‘the lord’: See Note to st. 19/3.
átti ‘had’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
víða ‘far and wide’
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1. víða (adv.): widely
brynju ‘of the byrnie’
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
kennings
hríðir brynju‘storm-winds of the byrnie ’
= BATTLES
storm-winds of the byrnie → BATTLES
hríðir ‘storm-winds’
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
kennings
hríðir brynju‘storm-winds of the byrnie ’
= BATTLES
storm-winds of the byrnie → BATTLES
Hirð ‘the retinue’
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
réð ‘’
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
gramr ‘The ruler’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[5] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Refers to Novgorod, north-western Russia (see Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7-8II). Óláfr was born in Norway, but raised in Russia (see ÓTHkr chs. 6-9, ÍF 26, 230-2).
Gǫrðum ‘Russia’
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
notes
[5] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Refers to Novgorod, north-western Russia (see Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7-8II). Óláfr was born in Norway, but raised in Russia (see ÓTHkr chs. 6-9, ÍF 26, 230-2).
gleðja ‘gladdened’
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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice
þursa ‘of giants’
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þurs (noun m.; °þurs, dat. þursi/þurs; þursar): giant, ogre, monster
kennings
kveðju þursa,‘with the greeting of giants, ’
= GOLD
with the greeting of giants, → GOLD
notes
[6] kveðju þursa ‘with the greeting of giants [GOLD]’: This kenning for ‘gold’ alludes to a myth briefly described in Skm in which a giant’s wealth is measured in mouthfulls (see SnE 1998, I, 3 and Note to Anon Bjark 5/8). By extension, this base-word pattern could refer to words/speech that issue from the mouth.
kveðju ‘with the greeting’
(not checked:)
1. kveðja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): greeting
kennings
kveðju þursa,‘with the greeting of giants, ’
= GOLD
with the greeting of giants, → GOLD
notes
[6] kveðju þursa ‘with the greeting of giants [GOLD]’: This kenning for ‘gold’ alludes to a myth briefly described in Skm in which a giant’s wealth is measured in mouthfulls (see SnE 1998, I, 3 and Note to Anon Bjark 5/8). By extension, this base-word pattern could refer to words/speech that issue from the mouth.
fœddr ‘raised’
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2. fœða (verb): to feed, give food to, bring up, bear, give birth to
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
fylki ‘leader’
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
studdu ‘supported’
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2. styðja (verb): protect, support
fróðan ‘the sagacious’
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fróðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): wise
notes
[8] sygnskar ‘of Sogn’: The ms. spelling of this word (‘sijnscar’ papp25ˣ; ‘Synscar’ R683ˣ) must have resulted from the loss of medial [g] in Rugman’s exemplar (see Note to st. 69/5). Sogn is a district in western Norway. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 246) retains the R683ˣ reading (normalised as synskar), which he takes as a variant form of sœnskar ‘Swedish’. That ethnic adj. makes no sense in the context, however (see st. 72 below).
þjóðir ‘the people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Óláfr rauð í éli |
Óláfr reddened bridges of scabbards [SWORDS] in the hailstorm of Yggr <= Óðinn> [BATTLE]; I know that the lord had storm-winds of the byrnie [BATTLES] far and wide. The ruler, raised in Russia, gladdened the retinue with the greeting of giants [GOLD], and the people of Sogn supported the sagacious leader.
There is no heading, but the metre corresponds to SnSt Ht 30 (draugsháttr ‘ghost’s verse-form’ or ‘trunk’s verse-form’). This is a dróttkvætt-variant in which the even lines are trochaic (Type A) with hendingar in metrical positions 1 and 5.
Even lines of Type A are quite common in dróttkvætt poetry. It is not clear why lines with a regular, trochaic beat or rhythm would be labelled ‘ghost’s verse-form’ or ‘trunk’s verse-form’. — The king commemorated is Óláfr Tryggvason, king of Norway (r. 995-1000; see ÓT, ÓTOdd, ÍF 26, 225-372, ÍF 29, 141-62, Anon Nkt 19-22II and his Biography in SkP I).
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