RvHbreiðm Hl 67III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 67’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1076.
Sveinn ‘Sveinn’
(not checked:)
2. Sveinn (noun m.): Sveinn
framði ‘performed’
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fremja (verb): advance, perform
gný ‘clamour’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
grimman gný peitu;‘a grim clamour of the spear; ’
= BATTLE
a grim clamour of the spear; → BATTLE
grimman ‘a grim’
(not checked:)
grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce
kennings
grimman gný peitu;‘a grim clamour of the spear; ’
= BATTLE
a grim clamour of the spear; → BATTLE
guðr ‘battle’
(not checked:)
guðr (noun f.): battle
heitir ‘is called’
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
svá ‘thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
kennings
grimman gný peitu;‘a grim clamour of the spear; ’
= BATTLE
a grim clamour of the spear; → BATTLE
notes
[2] peitu ‘of the spear’: Rugman again mistook <p> in peitu ‘spear’ for insular <v>. See Note to st. 18/6.
kennings
hagl skóðs‘hail of the weapon ’
= ARROWS
hail of the weapon → ARROWS
brast ‘crashed’
(not checked:)
1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split
skóðs ‘of the weapon’
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2. skóð (noun n.): harmer, scathe
[3] skóðs: ‘scọ\ḳ/g̣s’ papp25ˣ, ‘scogs’ R683ˣ
kennings
hagl skóðs‘hail of the weapon ’
= ARROWS
hail of the weapon → ARROWS
notes
[3] skóðs ‘of the weapon’: The readings of both mss can be normalised as skógs (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the forest’ (for that gen. form, see Finnur Jónsson 1901, 9-10), but the form of the word in papp25ˣ (‘scọ\ḳ/g̣s’) shows that Rugman was uncertain of the transcription. Skj B and Skald retain skógs and take it to mean ‘bow’ (see LP: 2. skógr). However, the word is otherwise not attested in that meaning (see the discussion in Hl 1941), and retention of the word also causes the line to have three internal rhymes. Holtsmark (Hl 1941) suggests a tentative emendation to skass ‘troll-woman’ (hagl skass ‘the hail of the troll-woman’, i.e. ‘arrows’), while Jón Helgason (ibid.) supplies skóðs ‘dangerous weapon’ i.e. ‘bow’, which is closer to the ms. reading and preferred in the present edn.
Skǫglar ‘of Skǫgul’
(not checked:)
Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
kennings
tjaldi Skǫglar;‘the tent of Skǫgul; ’
= SHIELD
the tent of Skǫgul; → SHIELD
skjǫld ‘the shield’
(not checked:)
skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
[4] skjǫld: skjald R683ˣ
nefnik ‘I name’
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2. nefna (verb): mention, name, call
svá ‘thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
tjaldi ‘the tent’
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tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
kennings
tjaldi Skǫglar;‘the tent of Skǫgul; ’
= SHIELD
the tent of Skǫgul; → SHIELD
Sókn ‘battle’
(not checked:)
sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sóknbjartr (adj.)
[5] Sókn‑: so R683ˣ, ‘Soon‑’ papp25ˣ
bjartar ‘cheerful’
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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright < sóknbjartr (adj.)
skar ‘cut’
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skera (verb): cut
snyrtir ‘The polished one’
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snyrtir (noun m.): polisher
notes
[5] snyrtir ‘the polished one’: This is a heiti for ‘sword’ (Þul Sverða 1/7).
nefnik ‘I name’
(not checked:)
2. nefna (verb): mention, name, call
svá ‘thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
ferðir ‘companies’
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
hringr ‘the ringed one’
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
notes
[7] hringr ‘the ringed one’: Another heiti for ‘sword’, see Note to st. 41/1.
brá ‘ended’
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bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change
horskra ‘of wise’
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horskr (adj.; °compar. -ari): wise
[7] horskra: ‘hærscra’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
drengja ‘warriors’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
hjǫr ‘the sword’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
nefnik ‘I name’
(not checked:)
2. nefna (verb): mention, name, call
svá ‘thus’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
fjǫrvi ‘the life’
(not checked:)
fjǫr (noun n.): life
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Sveinn performed a grim clamour of the spear [BATTLE]; battle is called thus; hail of the weapon [ARROWS] crashed against the tent of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [SHIELD]; thus I name the shield. The polished one – thus I name the sword – cut battle-cheerful companies; the ringed one – thus I name the sword – ended the life of wise warriors.
The heading is tilsegjandi (‘Til sægiande’) ‘annotating’ (cf. SnSt Ht 25 tilsagt ‘annotated’). It is a dróttkvætt variant characterised by parenthetic clauses in positions 1-4 in the even lines (st. 68/8 is an exception).
Although parenthetic clauses are a staple of dróttkvætt poetry, the particular systematised use of such annotations is found only here and in Ht. The annotations are interesting with their explicit self-reflective comments on the use of skaldic diction. — Sveinn is Sveinn tjúguskegg ‘Fork-beard’ Haraldsson, king of Denmark and England (d. 1014). See ÍF 35, 96-8. It is interesting that Sveinn is considered king of Norway after the death of Haraldr gráfeldr (d. c. 970). The effective ruler of Norway was Hákon, jarl of Lade (d. 995; see Anon Nkt 17-18II and his Biography in SkP I).
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