Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 66

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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RvHbreiðm Hl 66^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 66’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1074.

Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson Háttalykill

65 66 67

notes

[2] hneiti ‘the sword’: See Note to st. 17/2.

bǫðvar ‘in war’

(not checked:)
bǫð (noun f.; °-s; -): battle

skýrstr ‘wisest’

(not checked:)
skýrr (adj.): clear

[3] skýrstr: ‘scurstr’ papp25ˣ, ‘scurstur’ R683ˣ

notes

[3] skýrstr ‘wisest’: Cf. Note to Ólhv Hryn 3/7^II. The ms. readings, ‘scurstr’ (papp25ˣ) and ‘scurstur’ (R683ˣ), appear to be misreadings of skýrstr, though Holtsmark (Hl 1941, 105) suggests that it may have been orthographic (<u> for [y]).

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

bráði ‘haste’

(not checked:)
bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)

notes

[3] bráði (n. dat. sg.) ‘haste’: This word is otherwise attested only as a f. noun (í bráð ‘in haste’). Skj B assigns the prepositional phrase í bráði ‘in haste’ to the second clause, making the syntax unnecessarily convoluted (see NN §2080 and Note to st. 65/6).

bráðmôl ‘welded patterns’

(not checked:)
bráðmál (noun n.)

notes

[4] bráðmôl ‘welded patterns’: Môl are patterns on sword blades or sword hilts (see LP: 3. mál; Falk 1914b, 32), and bráð- apparently refers to the process of engraving by means of fire. Kock (NN §2080) calls attention to OE fȳrmǣl ‘mark burned in by fire’ used about swords. See also the original meaning of the adj. bráðr (AEW: bráðr and discussion there). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 246), Skj B construes bráð as the adj. brôð ‘quick, bold’ (f. nom. sg.) qualifying sveit ‘company’ (l. 2) but bráð and môl belong together (see NN §§985, 2080).

lituð ‘be coloured’

(not checked:)
1. lita (verb): colour, stain

[4] lituð: litat papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[4] lituð (n. acc. pl.) ‘be coloured’: Both mss read ‘litat’, which appears to be a Norwegian form (levelling by analogy in weakly stressed syllables; see Hl 1941, 108).

stála ‘of swords’

(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow

Vann ‘’

(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work

blóð ‘the blood’

(not checked:)
blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood < blóðroðinn (adj.): blood-reddened

kennings

blóðroðin rœði benja;
‘the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; ’
= SWORD
the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; → SWORD

roðin ‘reddened’

(not checked:)
roðinn (adj.): reddened < blóðroðinn (adj.): blood-reddened

[5] ‑roðin: ‘toden’ or ‘tóden’ papp25ˣ, ‘‑tóden’ R683ˣ

kennings

blóðroðin rœði benja;
‘the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; ’
= SWORD
the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; → SWORD

benja ‘of wounds’

(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound

[5] benja: ‘bæinia’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

kennings

blóðroðin rœði benja;
‘the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; ’
= SWORD
the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; → SWORD

notes

[5] benja ‘of wounds’: For the ms. spelling of this word (‘bæinia’) and of ben- ‘wound’ (‘bæin’ in l. 6), see Note to st. 49/5.

ben ‘The wound’

(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound < benflœðr (noun f.)

[6] ben‑: ‘bæin’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

kennings

Benflœðr
‘The wound-flood ’
= BLOOD
The wound-flood → BLOOD

flœðr ‘flood’

(not checked:)
flœðr (noun f.): high tide; ocean < benflœðr (noun f.)

kennings

Benflœðr
‘The wound-flood ’
= BLOOD
The wound-flood → BLOOD

skolat ‘rinsed’

(not checked:)
skola (verb): rinse

[6] skolat: skulat papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

notes

[6] skolat ‘rinsed’: Skulat (so both mss) for skolat ‘rinsed’ (inf. skola) is likely to be an Orkney form (see Hl 1941). Such forms (<u> for [o]) also occur in Anon Mhkv 4/6, 11/4, 18/2, a poem possibly of Orcadian provenance.

rœði ‘paddle’

(not checked:)
2. rœði (noun n.; °; -): oar

kennings

blóðroðin rœði benja;
‘the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; ’
= SWORD
the blood-reddened paddle of wounds; → SWORD

sókn ‘with the battle’

(not checked:)
sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sóknbára (noun f.)

kennings

sóknbôru*.
‘with the battle-wave. ’
= BLOOD
with the battle-wave. → BLOOD

notes

[7] sóknbôru* (f. dat. sg.) ‘with the battle-wave [BLOOD]’: Both mss read sóknbôrur (f. nom. or acc. pl.) ‘battle-waves’, which cannot be accommodated syntactically. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 246) emended to sóknbáru (dat. sg. as an instrumental), which has been adopted here. Skj B and Skald have sóknbára (nom. sg.) as the subject of gat ‘got’. For the possible addition of an inorganic final <r>, see Note to st. 8/4.

bôru* ‘wave’

(not checked:)
1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave < sóknbára (noun f.)

[7] ‑bôru*: ‑bôrur papp25ˣ, R683ˣ

kennings

sóknbôru*.
‘with the battle-wave. ’
= BLOOD
with the battle-wave. → BLOOD

notes

gat ‘’

(not checked:)
2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

[7] gat: gaf R683ˣ

sára ‘of wounds’

(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

kennings

árar sára
‘oars of wounds ’
= SWORDS
oars of wounds → SWORDS

sár ‘the wound’

(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound < sárvǫrðr (noun m.): [wound-guardian]

kennings

sárvǫrðr
‘the wound-guardian ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-guardian → WARRIOR

notes

[8] sárvǫrðr ‘the wound-guardian [WARRIOR]’: So Hl 1941, although this is an awkward warrior-kenning. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 246) emended to sárvǫndr ‘wound-rod’ i.e. ‘sword’, but ‘the sword washed swords with blood’ makes little sense. Skj B and Skald emend to sárvǫrm ‘wound-warm’ and give the last two lines as follows: sóknbára gat sára | sárvǫrm þvegit árar ‘the wound-warm battle-wave [BLOOD] washed oars of wounds [SWORDS]’. That reading remains conjectural. A possible alternative warrior-kenning would be sárvaldr ‘wound-causer’ (both mss read ‘-vordr’, however).

vǫrðr ‘guardian’

(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender < sárvǫrðr (noun m.): [wound-guardian]

kennings

sárvǫrðr
‘the wound-guardian ’
= WARRIOR
the wound-guardian → WARRIOR

notes

þvegit ‘washed’

(not checked:)
1. þvá (verb): wash

árar ‘oars’

(not checked:)
1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar

kennings

árar sára
‘oars of wounds ’
= SWORDS
oars of wounds → SWORDS

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verse
prose

As st. 65 above.

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RvHbreiðm Hl 66III

Siklingr ‘the lord’

lét ‘let’

þar ‘There’

sveita ‘with gore’

sveit ‘the company’

fylkis ‘of the leader’

rauð ‘reddened’

hneiti ‘the sword’

notes

bǫðvar ‘in war’

skýrstr ‘wisest’

notes

í ‘in’

bráði ‘haste’

notes

bráðmôl ‘welded patterns’

notes

lituð ‘be coloured’

notes

stála ‘of swords’

Vann ‘’

blóð ‘the blood’

kennings

roðin ‘reddened’

kennings

benja ‘of wounds’

kennings

notes

ben ‘The wound’

kennings

flœðr ‘flood’

kennings

skolat ‘rinsed’

notes

rœði ‘paddle’

kennings

sókn ‘with the battle’

kennings

notes

bôru* ‘wave’

kennings

notes

gat ‘’

sára ‘of wounds’

kennings

sár ‘the wound’

kennings

notes

vǫrðr ‘guardian’

kennings

notes

þvegit ‘washed’

árar ‘oars’

kennings

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RvHbreiðm Hl 66^III