RvHbreiðm Hl 56III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 56’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1065.
Morð ‘The battle’
(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
óx ‘intensified’
(not checked:)
vaxa (verb): grow, increase
mildingr ‘the generous one’
(not checked:)
mildingr (noun m.; °-s): ruler, generous one
notes
[1] sparði ‘spare’: Rugman again mistook the <p> in sparði ‘spared’ for insular <v> (see sts 18/6 and 44/9).
mjǫk ‘much’
(not checked:)
mjǫk (adv.): very, much
lítt ‘little’
(not checked:)
lítill (adj.; °lítinn): little
digul ‘crucible’
(not checked:)
digull (noun m.; °diguls; diglar): crucible < diguljǫkull (noun m.): [crucible-glaciers]
kennings
diguljǫkla;‘crucible-glaciers; ’
= SILVER
crucible-glaciers; → SILVER
jǫkla ‘glaciers’
(not checked:)
jǫkull (noun m.; °-s, dat. jǫkli; jǫklar): glacier < diguljǫkull (noun m.): [crucible-glaciers]
kennings
diguljǫkla;‘crucible-glaciers; ’
= SILVER
crucible-glaciers; → SILVER
lét ‘made’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
ósa ‘of estuaries’
(not checked:)
óss (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): estuary, mouth
kennings
bjúg rǫf ósa‘bent amber of estuaries ’
= GOLD
bent amber of estuaries → GOLD
rǫf ‘amber’
(not checked:)
raf (noun n.): [roof, amber]
kennings
bjúg rǫf ósa‘bent amber of estuaries ’
= GOLD
bent amber of estuaries → GOLD
ræsir ‘the ruler’
(not checked:)
ræsir (noun m.): ruler
rétt ‘straight’
(not checked:)
3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
bjúg ‘bent’
(not checked:)
bjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bent
kennings
bjúg rǫf ósa‘bent amber of estuaries ’
= GOLD
bent amber of estuaries → GOLD
á ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
her ‘the army’
(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
fljúga ‘fly’
(not checked:)
fljúga (verb): fly
Fira ‘of people’
(not checked:)
firar (noun m.): men
kennings
Sættir fira,‘The reconciler of people, ’
= JUST RULER
The reconciler of people, → JUST RULER
sættir ‘The reconciler’
(not checked:)
sættir (noun m.): reconciler
[5] sættir: so R683ˣ, ‘fætir’ papp25ˣ
kennings
Sættir fira,‘The reconciler of people, ’
= JUST RULER
The reconciler of people, → JUST RULER
rak ‘pursued’
(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force
fúss ‘eager’
(not checked:)
fúss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager, willing
[6] fúss: fús papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
notes
[6] fúss (m. nom. sg.) ‘eager’: The syntax requires the m. nom. sg. rather than f. nom. sg. or n. nom./acc. pl. (fús; both mss). It is not clear whether the omission of the final -s is an error or an orthographic simplification (see Hl 1941, 106).
trauðr ‘reluctant’
(not checked:)
trauðr (adj.): reluctant
vita ‘the beacon’
(not checked:)
viti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): beacon, marker
kennings
vita lauðar;‘the beacon of the furnace; ’
= GOLD
the beacon of the furnace; → GOLD
lauðar ‘of the furnace’
(not checked:)
lauð (noun f.; °-ar): [furnace]
kennings
vita lauðar;‘the beacon of the furnace; ’
= GOLD
the beacon of the furnace; → GOLD
notes
[6] lauðar (f. gen. sg.) ‘of the furnace’: The word can denote either a smelting furnace for the purification of metal, or iron with holes to pull metal wires through (see Fritzner: lauð; Heggstad et al. 2008: lauð).
þollr ‘the tree’
(not checked:)
þollr (noun m.): fir-tree
kennings
þollr geirs‘the tree of the spear ’
= WARRIOR
the tree of the spear → WARRIOR
vas ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
geirs ‘of the spear’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
þollr geirs‘the tree of the spear ’
= WARRIOR
the tree of the spear → WARRIOR
en ‘but’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
gulli ‘to gold’
(not checked:)
gull (noun n.): gold
notes
[7] gulli ‘to gold’: The [u] is ensured by the rhyme (skothending; but cf. golli ‘gold’ in st. 44/9).
góðr ‘good’
(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good
illr ‘bad’
(not checked:)
illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell
kyni ‘to the kin’
(not checked:)
1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin
þjóðar ‘of men’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Morð óx (mildingr sparði) |
The battle intensified much; little did the generous one spare crucible-glaciers [SILVER]; the ruler made bent amber of estuaries [GOLD] fly straight at the army. The reconciler of people [JUST RULER], reluctant to flee, eager, pursued the beacon of the furnace [GOLD]; the tree of the spear [WARRIOR] was good to the kin of men, but bad to gold.
As st. 55 above.
The antithesis consists of the following words: mjǫk ‘much’ : lítt ‘little’ (l. 2); rétt ‘straight’ : bjúg ‘bent’ (l. 4); fúss ‘eager’ : trauðr ‘reluctant’ (l. 6); góðr ‘good’ : illr ‘bad’ (l. 8). Again, if the adjectives qualify different nouns and the adverbs modify different verbs, the meaning of the clauses in this stanza is reversed (see Note to st. 55 [All]). — [7-8]: These lines must refer back to the first clause in st. 55, and l. 8 is a verbal repetition of st. 55/2. Here the second poet solves the riddle presented to him by the first poet. See Note to st. 55/1. For the motif ‘good to people, bad to gold’, see also Bragi Frag 6.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.