RvHbreiðm Hl 32III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 32’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1041.
Bragningr ‘The lord’
(not checked:)
bragningr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
réð ‘’
(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
branda ‘of blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
regni branda;‘the rain of blades; ’
= BATTLE
the rain of blades; → BATTLE
regni ‘the rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
kennings
regni branda;‘the rain of blades; ’
= BATTLE
the rain of blades; → BATTLE
benja ‘of wounds’
(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound
kennings
linn* benja‘the serpent of wounds ’
= SWORD
the serpent of wounds → SWORD
kennings
linn* benja‘the serpent of wounds ’
= SWORD
the serpent of wounds → SWORD
notes
[2] linn* (m. acc. sg.) ‘the serpent’: Linns (m. gen. sg.) has been emended to the acc. because the verb spenja ‘entice’ takes the acc. case (so all earlier eds).
til ‘to’
(not checked:)
til (prep.): to
sára ‘injuries’
(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
spenja ‘enticed’
(not checked:)
spenja (verb): entice
allvaldr ‘the mighty ruler’
(not checked:)
allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
[3] allvaldr: ‘avalldur’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
notes
[3] allvaldr ‘the mighty ruler’: The mss read ‘avalldur’, which cannot be construed to make any sense. The emendation, which follows all earlier eds, is secured by internal rhyme (all- : -ell-).
rauð ‘reddened’
(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden
þars ‘where’
(not checked:)
þars (conj.): where
ýtar ‘men’
(not checked:)
ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
fellu ‘fell’
(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall
unda ‘of wounds’
(not checked:)
1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound
kennings
naðr unda‘the adder of wounds ’
= SWORD
the adder of wounds → SWORD
naðr ‘the adder’
(not checked:)
naðr (noun m.): snake
kennings
naðr unda‘the adder of wounds ’
= SWORD
the adder of wounds → SWORD
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
hræva ‘of carrion’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion
kennings
sundi hræva,‘the sea of carrion ’
= BLOOD
the sea of carrion → BLOOD
sundi ‘the sea’
(not checked:)
sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
kennings
sundi hræva,‘the sea of carrion ’
= BLOOD
the sea of carrion → BLOOD
Bitran ‘the bitter’
(not checked:)
bitr (adj.; °bitran; superl. bitrastr): sharp, biting
kennings
bitran snák brynju‘the bitter snake of the byrnie ’
= SWORD
the bitter snake of the byrnie → SWORD
spurðak ‘I heard that’
(not checked:)
spyrja (verb; spurði): ask; hear, find out
kennings
Njǫrðum bǫðvar;‘of the Nirðir of battle; ’
= WARRIORS
the Nirðir of battle; → WARRIORS
Njǫrðum ‘of the Nirðir’
(not checked:)
Njǫrðr (noun m.): Njǫrðr
kennings
Njǫrðum bǫðvar;‘of the Nirðir of battle; ’
= WARRIORS
the Nirðir of battle; → WARRIORS
notes
[5] Njǫrðum (m. dat. pl.) ‘of the Nirðir <gods>’: This is a dat. of possession. For Nirðir, see Note to st. 6/3.
brynju ‘of the byrnie’
(not checked:)
1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
kennings
bitran snák brynju‘the bitter snake of the byrnie ’
= SWORD
the bitter snake of the byrnie → SWORD
snák ‘snake’
(not checked:)
snákr (noun m.): snake
kennings
bitran snák brynju‘the bitter snake of the byrnie ’
= SWORD
the bitter snake of the byrnie → SWORD
í ‘against’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
hausum ‘the skulls’
(not checked:)
hauss (noun m.; °hauss, dat. hausi/haus; hausar): skull
dynja ‘crashed’
(not checked:)
dynja (verb; °dunði): resound
reiða ‘to swing’
(not checked:)
2. reiða (verb): carry
tóku ‘began’
(not checked:)
2. taka (verb): take
ríkar ‘powerful’
(not checked:)
ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
þjóðir ‘people’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
randar ‘of the shield-rim’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
orm randar‘the reptile of the shield-rim ’
= SWORD
the reptile of the shield-rim → SWORD
orm ‘the reptile’
(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent
kennings
orm randar‘the reptile of the shield-rim ’
= SWORD
the reptile of the shield-rim → SWORD
at ‘towards’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
svarðar ‘of the scalp’
(not checked:)
svǫrðr (noun m.; °svarðar, dat. sverði; sverðir, acc. svǫrðu): scalp
kennings
strǫndu svarðar.‘the beach of the scalp. ’
= HEAD
the beach of the scalp. → HEAD
strǫndu ‘the beach’
(not checked:)
strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore
kennings
strǫndu svarðar.‘the beach of the scalp. ’
= HEAD
the beach of the scalp. → HEAD
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The lord enticed the serpent of wounds [SWORD] to injuries in the rain of blades [BATTLE]; the mighty ruler reddened the adder of wounds [SWORD] in the sea of carrion [BLOOD] where men fell. I heard that the bitter snake of the byrnie [SWORD] crashed against the skulls of the Nirðir <gods> of battle [WARRIORS]; powerful people began to swing the reptile of the shield-rim [SWORD] towards the beach of the scalp [HEAD].
As st. 31 above.
All of the words for ‘reptile’ that are used as base-words in the sword-kennings in this stanza are also found in the same function in SnSt Ht 6.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.