Rv Lv 33III
Judith Jesch (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl Kali Kolsson, Lausavísur 33’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 342.
Hvat ‘What’
(not checked:)
hvat (pron.): what
munk ‘will I’
(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must
yðr ‘to you’
(not checked:)
yðvarr (pron.; °f. yður; pl. yðrir): your
eða ‘and’
(not checked:)
eða (conj.): or
ǫðrum ‘other’
(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
kennings
ǫðrum ulfbrynnǫndum‘other wolf-waterers ’
= WARRIORS
other wolf-waterers → WARRIORS
ulf ‘wolf’
(not checked:)
1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf < ulfbrynnandi (noun m.)
kennings
ǫðrum ulfbrynnǫndum‘other wolf-waterers ’
= WARRIORS
other wolf-waterers → WARRIORS
notes
[2] ulfbrynnǫndum ‘wolf-waterers [WARRIORS]’: This emendation is adopted from Skj B. Although such a kenning would be unique, there are close parallels in which a wolf-term is compounded with a participial agent noun referring to its feeding, e.g. ulfnistandi ‘wolf-feeder’ (ESk Hardr I 1/6II) and vargseðjandi ‘wolf-sater’ (Anon (Orkn) 1/6II); see also Meissner 346. In this particular case, ‘wolf-waterers’ are warriors quenching the thirst of wolves with blood. Despite the prose context (see Context, above), which suggests that this emendation is correct, LaufE X, faced with the reading ulfbrynjuðum (m. dat. pl.) lit. ‘wolf-armoured ones’, goes on to explain the kenning as hier er madurinn kiendur, ulfbriniadur, so sem væri hann ofan j ulfin komin ‘here the man is said to be “wolf-armoured,” as if he had entered the wolf’ (LaufE 1979, 290). The Y branch (LaufE 1979, 370) only has hier er madur kalladur ulfbryniadur ‘here the man is called “wolf-armoured”’.
brynnǫndum ‘waterers’
(not checked:)
brynnandi (noun m.): [waterers] < ulfbrynnandi (noun m.)
[2] ‑brynnǫndum: ‘‑bryníndum’ W, ‑brynjuðum papp10ˣ, 1494ˣ, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
kennings
ǫðrum ulfbrynnǫndum‘other wolf-waterers ’
= WARRIORS
other wolf-waterers → WARRIORS
notes
[2] ulfbrynnǫndum ‘wolf-waterers [WARRIORS]’: This emendation is adopted from Skj B. Although such a kenning would be unique, there are close parallels in which a wolf-term is compounded with a participial agent noun referring to its feeding, e.g. ulfnistandi ‘wolf-feeder’ (ESk Hardr I 1/6II) and vargseðjandi ‘wolf-sater’ (Anon (Orkn) 1/6II); see also Meissner 346. In this particular case, ‘wolf-waterers’ are warriors quenching the thirst of wolves with blood. Despite the prose context (see Context, above), which suggests that this emendation is correct, LaufE X, faced with the reading ulfbrynjuðum (m. dat. pl.) lit. ‘wolf-armoured ones’, goes on to explain the kenning as hier er madurinn kiendur, ulfbriniadur, so sem væri hann ofan j ulfin komin ‘here the man is said to be “wolf-armoured,” as if he had entered the wolf’ (LaufE 1979, 290). The Y branch (LaufE 1979, 370) only has hier er madur kalladur ulfbryniadur ‘here the man is called “wolf-armoured”’.
kynna ‘make known’
(not checked:)
kynna (verb): make known, reveal
heiðs ‘of the bright’
(not checked:)
4. heiðr (adj.): bright
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
heiðs ‘of the bright’
(not checked:)
4. heiðr (adj.): bright
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
lofak ‘I praise’
(not checked:)
lofa (verb): praise, permit
hilmi ‘ruler’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
[3] hilmi: hjalmi W, papp10ˣ, 743ˣ, hjalma 1494ˣ, hjalms 2368ˣ
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
blíðan ‘the gracious’
(not checked:)
blíðr (adj.; °n. sg. nom. & acc. blítt/blíðt; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): gentle, happy
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
há ‘high’
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < hárann (noun n.)
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
há ‘high’
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < hárann (noun n.)
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
ranns ‘hall’
(not checked:)
rann (noun n.): house, hall < hárann (noun n.)
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
ranns ‘hall’
(not checked:)
rann (noun n.): house, hall < hárann (noun n.)
kennings
blíðan hilmi heiðs háranns.‘the gracious ruler of the bright high hall. ’
= God
the bright high hall. → SKY/HEAVEN
the gracious ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
nema ‘except’
(not checked:)
2. nema (conj.): unless
goð ‘God’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
sannan ‘the true’
(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Along with Arn Hryn 6/1-4II, this quatrain is quoted as an example of kennings in which a man is said to be the fattener or feeder of carrion birds or wolves.
Despite his pilgrimage to the Holy Land (see his Biography in SkP II), Rǫgnvaldr is not particularly noted for piety in his surviving poetry. However, this stanza would fit well with Rv Lv 29II, in which Rǫgnvaldr encourages his men to approach the holy places with humble devotion as they near Jerusalem on their return from the Jordan.
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