Anon Krm 24^VIII

Hjuggu ‘hewed’

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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: abbrev. as ‘H v m h:’ R702ˣ, (?) abbrev. as ‘Hi(’) v(’) (m’) h[…]’ 147, Hjuggum vér með hjörvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ

vér ‘We’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: abbrev. as ‘H v m h:’ R702ˣ, (?) abbrev. as ‘Hi(’) v(’) (m’) h[…]’ 147, Hjuggum vér með hjörvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ

með ‘with’

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með (prep.): with

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: abbrev. as ‘H v m h:’ R702ˣ, (?) abbrev. as ‘Hi(’) v(’) (m’) h[…]’ 147, Hjuggum vér með hjörvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ

hjörvi ‘the sword’

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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword

[1] Hjuggu vér með hjörvi: abbrev. as ‘H v m h:’ R702ˣ, (?) abbrev. as ‘Hi(’) v(’) (m’) h[…]’ 147, Hjuggum vér með hjörvi 6ˣ, LR, R693ˣ

Hitt ‘It’

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2. inn (art.): the

[2] Hitt: ‘h(itt)’(?) 147

sýniz ‘appears’

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sýna (verb): show, seem

[2] sýniz: ‘syn[...](zt )’(?) 147, ‘siunist’ LR

mér ‘to me’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[2] mér raunar: ‘(mi)er rr(au)nar’(?) 147, ‘mier ranuar’ R693ˣ

raunar ‘indeed’

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raunar (adv.)

[2] mér raunar: ‘(mi)er rr(au)nar’(?) 147, ‘mier ranuar’ R693ˣ

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

[3] at forlögum fylgjum: ‘at (f[…]rla[...]gum) fylgi’(?) 147

forlögum ‘to fate’

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forlag (noun n.)

[3] at forlögum fylgjum: ‘at (f[…]rla[...]gum) fylgi’(?) 147

fylgjum ‘we must submit’

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2. fylgja (verb): follow, accompany

[3] at forlögum fylgjum: ‘at (f[…]rla[...]gum) fylgi’(?) 147

fár ‘few’

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3. fár (adj.; °compar. fǽrri/fárri(Mág² 11ˆ), superl. fǽstr): few

[4] fár gengr: ‘far g(e)ng(ur)’(?) 147

gengr ‘escape’

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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

[4] fár gengr: ‘far g(e)ng(ur)’(?) 147

um ‘’

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1. um (prep.): about, around

[4] um: ‘[...]’ 147, of 6ˣ

sköp ‘the decree’

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1. skap (noun n.; °-s; *-): mind, fate

[4] sköp norna: ‘(sk)[...](rna)’(?) 147

notes

[4] sköp norna ‘the decree of the norns’: The same expression occurs in Hfr 10/4^V (Hallfr 13); cf. de Vries (1964-7, II, 40 n. 68). The norns are the supernatural female beings described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 18), where they are said to ‘shape men’s lives’ (skapa mǫnnum aldr). For a questioning of the extent to which the norns were believed to spin or weave the fates of men, like the three Fates of Greek mythology, see Bek-Pedersen (2007; 2011).

norna ‘of the norns’

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norn (noun f.; °; -ir): norn

[4] sköp norna: ‘(sk)[...](rna)’(?) 147

notes

[4] sköp norna ‘the decree of the norns’: The same expression occurs in Hfr 10/4^V (Hallfr 13); cf. de Vries (1964-7, II, 40 n. 68). The norns are the supernatural female beings described in Gylf (SnE 2005, 18), where they are said to ‘shape men’s lives’ (skapa mǫnnum aldr). For a questioning of the extent to which the norns were believed to spin or weave the fates of men, like the three Fates of Greek mythology, see Bek-Pedersen (2007; 2011).

Eigi ‘’

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3. eigi (adv.): not

[5] Eigi hugðak Ellu: ‘e(i)gi (hu)gda eg ell(u)’(?) 147

hugðak ‘I did not think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[5] Eigi hugðak Ellu: ‘e(i)gi (hu)gda eg ell(u)’(?) 147

Ellu ‘Ælle’

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Ella (noun m.): Ella, Ælla, Ælle

[5] Eigi hugðak Ellu: ‘e(i)gi (hu)gda eg ell(u)’(?) 147

notes

[5] Ellu ‘Ælle <Northumbrian king>’: On this King Ella (OE Ælle, Ælla, Hella), see Note to st. 14/4 above.

at ‘would be’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

[6] at aldrlagi mínu: ‘[...]lagi (minu)’(?) 147

aldrlagi ‘death’

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aldrlag (noun n.; °; *-): death

[6] at aldrlagi mínu: ‘[...]lagi (minu)’(?) 147

mínu ‘the cause of my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

[6] at aldrlagi mínu: ‘[...]lagi (minu)’(?) 147

þá ‘’

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2. þá (adv.): then

[7] þá er ek blóðvali: ‘þa [...] (blo(d)val(i))’(?) 147

er ‘when’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[7] þá er ek blóðvali: ‘þa [...] (blo(d)val(i))’(?) 147

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[7] þá er ek blóðvali: ‘þa [...] (blo(d)val(i))’(?) 147

blóð ‘the blood’

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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood < blóðvalr (noun m.): [blood-falcons]

[7] þá er ek blóðvali: ‘þa [...] (blo(d)val(i))’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[7] brædda blóðvali ‘fed the blood-falcons [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: Blóðvali here is acc. pl. rather than dat. sg. (see ANG §387.1 Anm. 2). That bræða ‘feed prey to’ governs the acc. rather than the dat. is evident from RvHbreiðm Hl 17/1^III,  cited in the Note to st. 9/3 above.

vali ‘falcons’

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2. valr (noun m.; °-s): falcon < blóðvalr (noun m.): [blood-falcons]

[7] þá er ek blóðvali: ‘þa [...] (blo(d)val(i))’(?) 147

kennings

notes

[7] brædda blóðvali ‘fed the blood-falcons [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: Blóðvali here is acc. pl. rather than dat. sg. (see ANG §387.1 Anm. 2). That bræða ‘feed prey to’ governs the acc. rather than the dat. is evident from RvHbreiðm Hl 17/1^III,  cited in the Note to st. 9/3 above.

brædda ‘fed’

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1. bræða (verb; °-dd-): feed

[7] brædda: ‘(b[...]dda)’(?) 147, ‘bręiddak’ 6ˣ, ‘brædde’ R693ˣ

notes

[7] brædda blóðvali ‘fed the blood-falcons [RAVENS/EAGLES]’: Blóðvali here is acc. pl. rather than dat. sg. (see ANG §387.1 Anm. 2). That bræða ‘feed prey to’ governs the acc. rather than the dat. is evident from RvHbreiðm Hl 17/1^III,  cited in the Note to st. 9/3 above.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] ok borð á lög keyrðak (‘ok bord a log keyrdag’): ‘og [...](ord) [...] l(a)ug key(r)da (eg)’(?) 147

borð ‘ships’

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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[8] ok borð á lög keyrðak (‘ok bord a log keyrdag’): ‘og [...](ord) [...] l(a)ug key(r)da (eg)’(?) 147

á ‘out’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[8] ok borð á lög keyrðak (‘ok bord a log keyrdag’): ‘og [...](ord) [...] l(a)ug key(r)da (eg)’(?) 147

lög ‘to sea’

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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea

[8] ok borð á lög keyrðak (‘ok bord a log keyrdag’): ‘og [...](ord) [...] l(a)ug key(r)da (eg)’(?) 147

keyrðak ‘drove’

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keyra (verb): drive, whip, fling

[8] ok borð á lög keyrðak (‘ok bord a log keyrdag’): ‘og [...](ord) [...] l(a)ug key(r)da (eg)’(?) 147

Vítt ‘far and wide’

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víðr (adj.): far

[9] Vítt fengum þá vargi: ‘[...]tt (fengum þa varg)[...]’(?) 147

fengum ‘we provided’

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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

[9] Vítt fengum þá vargi: ‘[...]tt (fengum þa varg)[...]’(?) 147

þá ‘Then’

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2. þá (adv.): then

[9] Vítt fengum þá vargi: ‘[...]tt (fengum þa varg)[...]’(?) 147

vargi ‘for the wolf’

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vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf

[9] Vítt fengum þá vargi: ‘[...]tt (fengum þa varg)[...]’(?) 147

verð ‘a meal’

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1. verðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): food

[10] verð: om. 147

notes

[10] verð ‘a meal’: This word is omitted in 147, but possibly supplied in the inner margin in an unclear hand.

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

notes

[10] í Skotlandsfjörðum ‘in Scotland’s firths’: This seems the safest translation in the circumstances, given that at this stage of the poem the speaker seems to have moved on from a specific pin-pointing of the locations of his battles. However, according to Mossé (1934, 250), the name Skotlandsfirðir pl., occurring in the ÍF editions of the sagas he cites, refers to the Minch, the strait separating the north-west Scottish Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides. The occurrences of the name referred to by Mossé are in Nj chs 85, 158, and 159 (ÍF 12, 205, 460, 462), Gr ch. 4 (ÍF 7, 10), and Mberf chs 8 and 11 (ÍF 28, 219, 224). Further occurrences are in Orkn chs 22, 41, 78 (Skotlandsfjǫrðr sg.) and 101 (ÍF 34, 58, 99, 178, 274). In none of these instances does the ÍF edition give any indication of a specific location for the name; see, however, Anderson (1873, viii (map), 27 n. 1 and 56 n. 2). Whether given a general or a specific application in the present context, the p. n. reference as it occurs here is consistent with the information given in earlier stanzas about the speaker’s exploits in Scotland (possibly, st. 12/3) and the Scottish islands (sts 13/4, 15/3 and perhaps 20/7), as well as in, or off the coast of, northern England (in sts 6/5, 14/4 and perhaps 19/3).

Skotlands ‘Scotland’s’

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Skotland (noun n.): [Scotland]

[10] Skotlands: ‘skotlads’ LR

notes

[10] í Skotlandsfjörðum ‘in Scotland’s firths’: This seems the safest translation in the circumstances, given that at this stage of the poem the speaker seems to have moved on from a specific pin-pointing of the locations of his battles. However, according to Mossé (1934, 250), the name Skotlandsfirðir pl., occurring in the ÍF editions of the sagas he cites, refers to the Minch, the strait separating the north-west Scottish Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides. The occurrences of the name referred to by Mossé are in Nj chs 85, 158, and 159 (ÍF 12, 205, 460, 462), Gr ch. 4 (ÍF 7, 10), and Mberf chs 8 and 11 (ÍF 28, 219, 224). Further occurrences are in Orkn chs 22, 41, 78 (Skotlandsfjǫrðr sg.) and 101 (ÍF 34, 58, 99, 178, 274). In none of these instances does the ÍF edition give any indication of a specific location for the name; see, however, Anderson (1873, viii (map), 27 n. 1 and 56 n. 2). Whether given a general or a specific application in the present context, the p. n. reference as it occurs here is consistent with the information given in earlier stanzas about the speaker’s exploits in Scotland (possibly, st. 12/3) and the Scottish islands (sts 13/4, 15/3 and perhaps 20/7), as well as in, or off the coast of, northern England (in sts 6/5, 14/4 and perhaps 19/3).

fjörðum ‘firths’

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fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord

[10] fjörðum: ‘f[...]ord(um)’(?) 147

notes

[10] í Skotlandsfjörðum ‘in Scotland’s firths’: This seems the safest translation in the circumstances, given that at this stage of the poem the speaker seems to have moved on from a specific pin-pointing of the locations of his battles. However, according to Mossé (1934, 250), the name Skotlandsfirðir pl., occurring in the ÍF editions of the sagas he cites, refers to the Minch, the strait separating the north-west Scottish Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides. The occurrences of the name referred to by Mossé are in Nj chs 85, 158, and 159 (ÍF 12, 205, 460, 462), Gr ch. 4 (ÍF 7, 10), and Mberf chs 8 and 11 (ÍF 28, 219, 224). Further occurrences are in Orkn chs 22, 41, 78 (Skotlandsfjǫrðr sg.) and 101 (ÍF 34, 58, 99, 178, 274). In none of these instances does the ÍF edition give any indication of a specific location for the name; see, however, Anderson (1873, viii (map), 27 n. 1 and 56 n. 2). Whether given a general or a specific application in the present context, the p. n. reference as it occurs here is consistent with the information given in earlier stanzas about the speaker’s exploits in Scotland (possibly, st. 12/3) and the Scottish islands (sts 13/4, 15/3 and perhaps 20/7), as well as in, or off the coast of, northern England (in sts 6/5, 14/4 and perhaps 19/3).