Judith Jesch (ed.) 2009, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl Kali Kolsson, Lausavísur 15’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 592-3.
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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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4. at (conj.): that
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frá (prep.): from
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
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Fróði (noun m.): Fróði
[2] Fróða meldrs at góðu: fegurð þín konan svinna R702ˣ
[2] meldrs Fróða ‘the meal of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]’: This refers to the story of the magic quern Grotti, which grinds out gold for the legendary Dan. king Fróði (SnE 1998, I, 51-8). Here, meldr refers to the product of grinding (‘meal, flour’), but more commonly means ‘the act of grinding’ in OIcel. (cf. SnSt Ht 43III; SnE 1998, I, 53, 57) and indeed the kenning often includes the name of one of the slave-women who did the grinding (e.g. meldr Fenju ‘Fenja’s flour’ in ESk Øxfl 6/6, 7III). Since the whole point of the story is that King Fróði had slaves to do his grinding, meldr must have the meaning ‘meal, flour’ here. This meaning is also found in the dialects of Faroe, Shetland and Orkney and it may be evidence of non-Icel. usage here. The more usual form of this kenning is mjǫl Fróða ‘Fróði’s meal’ (e.g. Egill Hfl 17/8V).
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meldr (noun m.): flour
[2] Fróða meldrs at góðu: fegurð þín konan svinna R702ˣ; meldrs: so Flat, meldr 325I
[2] meldrs Fróða ‘the meal of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]’: This refers to the story of the magic quern Grotti, which grinds out gold for the legendary Dan. king Fróði (SnE 1998, I, 51-8). Here, meldr refers to the product of grinding (‘meal, flour’), but more commonly means ‘the act of grinding’ in OIcel. (cf. SnSt Ht 43III; SnE 1998, I, 53, 57) and indeed the kenning often includes the name of one of the slave-women who did the grinding (e.g. meldr Fenju ‘Fenja’s flour’ in ESk Øxfl 6/6, 7III). Since the whole point of the story is that King Fróði had slaves to do his grinding, meldr must have the meaning ‘meal, flour’ here. This meaning is also found in the dialects of Faroe, Shetland and Orkney and it may be evidence of non-Icel. usage here. The more usual form of this kenning is mjǫl Fróða ‘Fróði’s meal’ (e.g. Egill Hfl 17/8V).
[2] at góðu ‘in beauty’: Lit. ‘in goodness’ so, by extension ‘in its quality (of beauty)’ (cf. LP: góðr 10).
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góðr (adj.): good
[2] Fróða meldrs at góðu: fegurð þín konan svinna R702ˣ
[2] at góðu ‘in beauty’: Lit. ‘in goodness’ so, by extension ‘in its quality (of beauty)’ (cf. LP: góðr 10).
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vel (adv.): well, very
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skúfaðr (adj./verb p.p.): [with locks]
[3] skúfaðra: skapaðra R702ˣ
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víf (noun n.): woman, wife
[3] vífa: so Flat, ‘vipi’ 325I, ‘viva’ corrected from ‘vipa’ R702ˣ
[3] vífa ‘women’: Both 325I and R702ˣ presumably had exemplars that used insular <v>, hence their spelling of this word with a <p>.
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vǫxtr (noun m.; °vaxtar, dat. vexti; vextir, acc. vǫxtu): [growth]
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
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kona (noun f.; °-u; -ur/-r(KlmA1980 116¹¹), gen. pl. kvenna/kvinna): woman
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2. svinnr (adj.): wise
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skorð (noun f.): prop
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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2. hár (noun n.; °-s; -): hair
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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3. á (prep.): on, at
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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herðr (noun f.; °-ar(Thom² 447¹³); -ar): shoulder
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk < haukvǫllr (noun m.)
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1. haukr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): hawk < haukvǫllr (noun m.)
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < haukvǫllr (noun m.)
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field < haukvǫllr (noun m.)
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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falla (verb): fall
[6, 7] lætr hár falla á herðar sér ‘lets her hair fall onto her shoulders’: The saga prose notes that Ermingerðr hafði laust hárit, sem meyjum er títt at hafa, ok hafði lagt gullhlað um enni sér ‘had loose hair, as is the custom with unmarried women, and had put a gold band around her forehead’. See also Note to Árm Lv 3/7.
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át (noun n.; °-s): eating, food < átgjarn (adj.)
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gjarn (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager < átgjarn (adj.)
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rjóða (verb): to redden
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle
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ilki (noun m.): [claws]
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sem (conj.): as, which
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silki (noun n.): silk
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Vísts, at frá berr flestu |
Wise woman, it is certain that your [hair-]growth surpasses in beauty [that of] pretty much most women with locks [like] the meal of Fróði <legendary king> [GOLD]. The prop of the hawk-field [ARM > WOMAN] lets her hair, yellow like silk, fall onto her shoulders; I reddened the claws of the food-hungry eagle.
Having arrived in Narbonne, Rǫgnvaldr and his crusaders are invited to a feast by Ermingerðr, who is described as a drottning ‘queen’ and the daughter of the recently-deceased jarl of the town. Ermingerðr enters the hall with her women, carrying a golden vessel to serve Rǫgnvaldr, who grabs her hand and places her on his lap, ok tǫluðu mart um daginn ‘and they spoke about many things during the day’.
The visit to Narbonne happened in the summer of 1151. Ermingerðr is Ermengard, Viscountess of Narbonne, daughter of Aymeri IV. She inherited the town at a young age (her date of birth is not known) when her two brothers predeceased her father. After some turbulent years and, despite two marriages of convenience, she ruled Narbonne in her own right from the 1140s and was an energetic and effective ruler until her death in 1196. She appears widely in troubadour poetry and she was probably a patron of this genre. For a full study of her life and rule, see Cheyette 2001 and Caille 2005, chs 10-11; for detailed discussion of the troubadour connection, see Finlay 1995.
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