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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Ótt Knútdr 3I

Matthew Townend (ed.) 2012, ‘Óttarr svarti, Knútsdrápa 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 771.

Óttarr svartiKnútsdrápa
234

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

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helduð ‘prevailed’

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halda (verb): hold, keep

notes

[1] helduð ‘prevailed’: This assumes an unusual intransitive use of halda ‘hold, keep’; it may be that herskjǫld ‘war-shield’ or a more general ‘land/power’ is the understood object.

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hilmir ‘prince’

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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

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ríkr ‘powerful’

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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich

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af ‘by’

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af (prep.): from

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slíku ‘such means’

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2. slíkr (adj.): such

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hykkat ‘I do not think’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

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þengill ‘lord’

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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler

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þekkðusk ‘cared’

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1. þekkja (verb): perceive, know

notes

[3-4] þik þekkðusk ‘you cared’: Lit. ‘you to have cared’. An acc. with past inf. construction following hykkat ‘I do not think’.

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kyrr ‘sitting’

[4] kyrr‑: hyr‑ 20dˣ

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setu ‘in peace’

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mikla ‘much’

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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large

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Ætt ‘the kindred’

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1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

kennings

ætt Játgeirs
‘the kindred of Eadgar ’
   = THE ENGLISH

the kindred of Eadgar → THE ENGLISH

notes

[5, 6] ætt Játgeirs ‘the kindred of Eadgar [THE ENGLISH]’: Eadgar was king of England 959-75. Ætt Játgeirs, if taken narrowly, could signify the royal family alone, but Knútr’s attacks were against the English people more generally, cf. Ótt Hfl 11/1-2 ǫld enskrar ættar ‘the people of English race’.

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drap ‘struck’

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drepa (verb; °drepr; drap, drápu; drepinn): kill, strike

notes

[5] drap ‘struck’: As in st. 2/3, the mss present a single 3rd pers. verb in a stanza of otherwise 2nd pers. narration. The form is also retained in ÍF 35 but emended to 2nd sg. drapt ‘you killed’ in Skj B and Skald.

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Jóta ‘of the Jótar’

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Jóti (noun m.; °; -ar): one of the Jótar

kennings

Dróttinn Jóta
‘The lord of the Jótar ’
   = DANISH KING = Knútr

The lord of the Jótar → DANISH KING = Knútr
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dróttinn ‘The lord’

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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

kennings

Dróttinn Jóta
‘The lord of the Jótar ’
   = DANISH KING = Knútr

The lord of the Jótar → DANISH KING = Knútr
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Játgeirs ‘of Eadgar’

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Játgeirr (noun m.): [Eadgar]

kennings

ætt Játgeirs
‘the kindred of Eadgar ’
   = THE ENGLISH

the kindred of Eadgar → THE ENGLISH

notes

[5, 6] ætt Játgeirs ‘the kindred of Eadgar [THE ENGLISH]’: Eadgar was king of England 959-75. Ætt Játgeirs, if taken narrowly, could signify the royal family alone, but Knútr’s attacks were against the English people more generally, cf. Ótt Hfl 11/1-2 ǫld enskrar ættar ‘the people of English race’.

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í ‘on’

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í (prep.): in, into

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fǫr ‘expedition’

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fǫr (noun f.): journey, fate; movement

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þveit ‘blow’

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þveit (noun f.): [blow]

notes

[7] þveit ‘blow’: According to LP: þveitr, only recorded here in skaldic verse. CVC: þveitr suggests that the word is equivalent to þviti ‘sling-stone’ and that the construction here is comparable with ljósta e-n illum steini ‘to strike sby with an evil stone’ (see ÞjóðA Sex 22/3, 4II).

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rakt ‘you dealt’

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2. reka (verb): drive, force

[7] rakt: so 41ˣ, rakr with rakt in margin JÓ, rakt with rakr in margin 20dˣ, 873ˣ

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þrár ‘defiant’

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2. þrár (adj.): defiant, tenacious

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est ‘you are’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[7] est (‘ert’): er 20dˣ

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heitinn ‘called’

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2. heita (verb): be called, promise

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stillis ‘ruler’s’

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stillir (noun m.): ruler

kennings

konr stillis,
‘ruler’s son, ’
   = Knútr

ruler’s son, → Knútr
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konr ‘son’

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konr (noun m.; °-ar): kind, descendant

[8] konr: so with kom in margin JÓ, kom with konr in margin 20dˣ, 873ˣ, kom 41ˣ

kennings

konr stillis,
‘ruler’s son, ’
   = Knútr

ruler’s son, → Knútr
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illan ‘a harsh’

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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell

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Knútr lands in England and begins ravaging.

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