Ormr Woman 3^III

Hrosta ‘of mash’

(not checked:)
hrosti (noun m.): [malt, mash]

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

Hrosta ‘of mash’

(not checked:)
hrosti (noun m.): [malt, mash]

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

drýgir ‘possesses’

(not checked:)
drýgja (verb; °-gð-): cause, practise

hvern ‘every’

(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

[1] hvern: ‘[…]ern’ B, ‘huern’ 744ˣ

kost ‘excellence’

(not checked:)
1. kostr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): choice, food, goods, good quality

hang ‘of the hanging ’

(not checked:)
hangr (adj.): [hanging ]

[2] hang: hauk R, Tˣ, W, A, C, harð‑ B

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

hang ‘of the hanging ’

(not checked:)
hangr (adj.): [hanging ]

[2] hang: hauk R, Tˣ, W, A, C, harð‑ B

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

lúðrs ‘vessel’

(not checked:)
lúðr (noun m.; °lúðrs, dat. lúðri/-; lúðrar): [flour-bin, vessel]

[2] lúðrs: ‘‑lv́ðrðrs’ A

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

lúðrs ‘vessel’

(not checked:)
lúðr (noun m.; °lúðrs, dat. lúðri/-; lúðrar): [flour-bin, vessel]

[2] lúðrs: ‘‑lv́ðrðrs’ A

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

gæi ‘The watching’

(not checked:)
gæi- ((prefix)) < gæiþrúðr (noun f.): [watching Þrúðr]

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

Þrúðr ‘Þrúðr’

kennings

notes

[1, 2] gæi-Þrúðr hanglúðrs hrosta ‘the watching Þrúðr <goddess> of the hanging vessel of mash [CAULDRON > WOMAN]’: This kenning presents difficulties to which various solutions have been proposed. (a) In this edn, the reading hauk found in the majority of mss is emended to hang-, treated as the first element in a cpd hanglúðr ‘hanging vessel’. For the formation of the cpd, cf. hangferill ‘hanging-track’ in hangferill hringa ‘hanging-track of rings [ARM]’ (Refr Frag 3/3). The second element of the posited cpd, lúðr, usually denotes a container or receptacle of some kind; attested senses include ‘trough, cradle, bin, the lower stone in a quern’ (cf. Fritzner: lúðr and the citations in ONP: lúðr), though admittedly the semantic range of this word presents difficulties and more than one etymon may be involved (AEW: lúðr). The word hrosta (gen.; m. nom. sg. hrosti), denoting the ‘mashed malt’ (AEW: hrosti) that forms a principal ingredient in ale, is used here to define the kind of ‘container’ intended by the poet. On a literal interpretation, the type of container in which mash is held could be the mash-vat (LP: hrosti; lúðr 1). But hrosta could instead be interpreted as the determinant in a kenning whose base-word is lúðr, in which case it would most plausibly be a cauldron, hanging over a fire for purposes of heating the mash in order to brew ale (cf. the idiom heita ǫl ‘brew ale’, lit. ‘heat ale’). Cauldrons were customarily suspended on chains or thongs from a roof beam or from the apex of a tripod (Foote and Wilson 1980, 165; Graham-Campbell 2001a, 124). The woman could be appropriately envisaged as keeping a watchful eye on the brewing: this was generically true of the lady of the house, and does not presuppose any specific reference to Unnr húsfreyja or her ilk (see Introduction above). The association of the beloved lady with ale and other liquor is found elsewhere in this poem (sts 4/4, 5/1-2), as also in Bjbp Jóms^I, e.g. st. 3/8 ǫlselja ‘ale-willow’. (b) Of earlier interpretations, Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) retains the reading hauk, construing it as an adj. with the sense of ‘proud’ qualifying gæi-Þrúðr (cf. LP: 2. haukr), followed by Faulkes (‘spirited, bold’: SnE 1998, II, 303), but the only putative parallel to this posited adj., in Tjǫrvi Lv 1/7^IV, has been accounted for satisfactorily on a different basis (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson 1972). (c) Kock (NN §899) reaches a similar result to that adopted in this edn by emending hauk to hank, the compounding form of hǫnk, which he explains as a ‘ring’ or ‘ring-shaped handle’ of the sort attached to a kettle or cauldron. Secure attestations of the word hǫnk are, however, restricted to the senses ‘loop, coil, skein, clasp’ and relate to wool or other fibre (CVC, Fritzner: hönk, ONP: hǫnk); the word hǫnk does not occur in poetic texts.

en ‘and’

(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and

drafnar ‘of the wave’

(not checked:)
Drǫfn (noun f.): wave, Drǫfn

kennings

drafnar ‘of the wave’

(not checked:)
Drǫfn (noun f.): wave, Drǫfn

kennings

loga ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame

[3] loga: ‘[…]’ B, ‘l . ga’ 744ˣ

kennings

loga ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame

[3] loga: ‘[…]’ B, ‘l . ga’ 744ˣ

kennings

Lofn ‘the Lofn’

(not checked:)
Lofn (noun f.): Lofn

[3] Lofn: ‘[…]n’ B, lofn 744ˣ

kennings

lǫstu ‘vices’

(not checked:)
lǫstr (noun m.; °lastar, dat. lesti/lǫst; lestir, acc. lǫstu/lasta(Mar655XXXII 462Š)): fault, sin

rækir ‘rejects’

(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force

[4] rækir: ‘ræk[…]’ B, ‘re᷎kir’ 744ˣ

notes

[4] rækir ‘rejects’: Use of this verb (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of rækja) is a characteristic of learned style first evident in the late C12th (Ólafur Halldórsson 1969b, 156-7).

vinfǫst ‘loyal to her friends’

(not checked:)
vinfastr (adj.): loyal to friends

[4] vinfǫst: ‘[…]ost’ B, ‘vínfost’ 744ˣ