Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 664-5.
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
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með (prep.): with
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herskapr (noun m.): [retinue]
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stórr (adj.): large, great
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1. hildr (noun f.): battle
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1. hildr (noun f.): battle
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
[2] borðs: barðs 81a
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
[2] borðs: barðs 81a
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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upp (adv.): up < Upplǫnd (noun n.): Opplandene
[2] Upplǫnd ‘Opplandene’: Includes the present-day districts of Hadeland, Romerike, Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen in south-eastern Norway.
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < Upplǫnd (noun n.): Opplandene
[2] ‑lǫnd: om. 81a
[2] Upplǫnd ‘Opplandene’: Includes the present-day districts of Hadeland, Romerike, Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen in south-eastern Norway.
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norðan (adv.): from the north
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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign
[3] skókusk ‘shook’: Following Kock (NN §1346), skárusk ‘were cut’ (so all mss) has been emended to skókusk ‘shook’ to supply the missing internal rhyme in l. 3 (skókusk : Láku). Merki skókusk ‘standards shook’ is preferable to merki skárusk ‘standards were cut’, since the motif of standards shaking or waving is attested in battle contexts elsewhere in skaldic poetry (cf. merki hristisk ‘the banner waved’, Arn Þorfdr 18/3, 4; gullmerkð vé skolla ‘gold-embroidered banners flutter’, Þfagr Sveinn 5/5, 8).
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ljóss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright
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3. á (prep.): on, at
[3] á Láku ‘at Låke’: Farmstead in Nannestad, located in the district of Romerike, south-eastern Norway.
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Láka (noun f.): [Låke]
[3] á Láku ‘at Låke’: Farmstead in Nannestad, located in the district of Romerike, south-eastern Norway.
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liggja (verb): lie
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
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1. vega (verb): strike, slay
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skarpr (adj.): sharp, bitter
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
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1. ríða (verb): ride
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til (prep.): to
[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).
[5] Þránd‑: so all others, Þrónd‑ E
[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < Þrándheimr (noun m.): Trøndelag
[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
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þingfrœkn (adj.): [battle-daring]
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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Valr (noun m.; °; -ir): Valr, ?horse
[6] Vǫlum: ‘valum’ or ‘volum’ corrected from ‘velum’ F
[6] Vǫlum ‘Valir <horses>’: For Valr in ship-kennings, see Note to Arn Hryn 19/4.
[6] stinga ‘of rods’: Lit. ‘of that which stabs, sticks’. The word stingar (m. nom. pl.) is attested twice (see also SnSt Ht 73/7III) and possibly refers to a set of parallel rods on a ship’s prow that were designed to keep warriors from boarding (see Falk 1912, 37, and LP: stingr = brandr).
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herskip (noun n.): warship
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3. brenna (verb; (weak, transitive)): to burn (weak, intr.)
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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grund (noun f.): earth, land
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1. hyggja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): thought, mind
[8] hyggju: hjoggu 42ˣ, hygginn 8
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1. gegn (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-str): reliable
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2. en (conj.): but, and
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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
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þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The ruler of the board of battle [SHIELD > WARRIOR = Skúli] went from the north to Opplandene with a large retinue; bright standards shook at Låke; the host lay slain by sharp swords. The battle-daring prince rode the slender Valir <horses> of rods [SHIPS] from the south to Trøndelag; the clever-minded ruler of the land [= Hákon] burned warships but spared the lives of men.
The first helmingr refers to the battle of Låke (9 March 1240), fought between Skúli and his men and the Birkibeinar, led by Jarl Knútr Hákonarson. The Birkibeinar were routed in the battle and Knútr fled to Tønsberg. The second helmingr describes Hákon’s journey by ship to Trøndelag (February 1240) to confront Skúli there and check his growing power. Once Hákon arrived, he found that Skúli had fled south with 500 men, leaving behind many of his adherents, to whom Hákon granted clemency.
For the battle of Låke, see also Sturl Hákkv 10.
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