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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Ólhv Hryn 8^II

Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 664-5.

Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson Hrynhenda

Hilmir ‘The ruler’

(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

kennings

Hilmir borðs hildar
‘The ruler of the board of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the board of battle → SHIELD
The ruler of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Skúli

fór ‘went’

(not checked:)
fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel

með ‘with’

(not checked:)
með (prep.): with

herskap ‘retinue’

(not checked:)
herskapr (noun m.): [retinue]

stóran ‘a large’

(not checked:)
stórr (adj.): large, great

hildar ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle

kennings

Hilmir borðs hildar
‘The ruler of the board of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the board of battle → SHIELD
The ruler of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Skúli

hildar ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle

kennings

Hilmir borðs hildar
‘The ruler of the board of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the board of battle → SHIELD
The ruler of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Skúli

borðs ‘of the board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[2] borðs: barðs 81a

kennings

Hilmir borðs hildar
‘The ruler of the board of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the board of battle → SHIELD
The ruler of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Skúli

borðs ‘of the board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[2] borðs: barðs 81a

kennings

Hilmir borðs hildar
‘The ruler of the board of battle ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
the board of battle → SHIELD
The ruler of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Skúli

á ‘to’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

Upp ‘Opp’

(not checked:)
upp (adv.): up < Upplǫnd (noun n.): Opplandene

notes

[2] Upplǫnd ‘Opplandene’: Includes the present-day districts of Hadeland, Romerike, Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen in south-eastern Norway.

lǫnd ‘landene’

(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < Upplǫnd (noun n.): Opplandene

[2] ‑lǫnd: om. 81a

notes

[2] Upplǫnd ‘Opplandene’: Includes the present-day districts of Hadeland, Romerike, Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen in south-eastern Norway.

norðan ‘from the north’

(not checked:)
norðan (adv.): from the north

merki ‘standards’

(not checked:)
1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign

skókusk ‘shook’

(not checked:)
2. skaka (verb): shake

[3] skókusk: skárusk all

notes

[3] skókusk ‘shook’: Following Kock (NN §1346), skárusk ‘were cut’ (so all mss) has been emended to skókusk ‘shook’ to supply the missing internal rhyme in l. 3 (skókusk : Láku). Merki skókusk ‘standards shook’ is preferable to merki skárusk ‘standards were cut’, since the motif of standards shaking or waving is attested in battle contexts elsewhere in skaldic poetry (cf. merki hristisk ‘the banner waved’, Arn Þorfdr 18/3, 4; gullmerkð vé skolla ‘gold-embroidered banners flutter’, Þfagr Sveinn 5/5, 8).

ljós ‘bright’

(not checked:)
ljóss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright

á ‘at’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

notes

[3] á Láku ‘at Låke’: Farmstead in Nannestad, located in the district of Romerike, south-eastern Norway.

Láku ‘Låke’

(not checked:)
Láka (noun f.): [Låke]

notes

[3] á Láku ‘at Låke’: Farmstead in Nannestad, located in the district of Romerike, south-eastern Norway.

lá ‘lay’

(not checked:)
liggja (verb): lie

ferð ‘the host’

(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey

vegin ‘slain’

(not checked:)
1. vega (verb): strike, slay

skǫrpum ‘by sharp’

(not checked:)
skarpr (adj.): sharp, bitter

sverðum ‘swords’

(not checked:)
sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword

Þunnum ‘the slender’

(not checked:)
þunnr (adj.): slender, thin

[5] Þunnum: þannig Flat

kennings

þunnum Vǫlum stinga
‘the slender Valir of rods ’
= SHIPS
the slender Valir of rods → SHIPS

reið ‘rode’

(not checked:)
1. ríða (verb): ride

til ‘to’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

notes

[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).

Þránd ‘Trønde’

[5] Þránd‑: so all others, Þrónd‑ E

notes

[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).

heims ‘lag’

(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < Þrándheimr (noun m.): Trøndelag

notes

[5] til Þrándheims ‘to Trøndelag’: So F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat. Þróndheims (so E) is an ONorw. form (see CVC: Þróndheimr). Þrándheimr refers to the geographic region of Trøndelag, located in central Norway, rather than to the city of Trondheim proper, which is called Niðaróss in the prose text and elsewhere (for the history of the names of Trondheim, see Gade 1998 and the literature cited there).

sunnan ‘from the south’

(not checked:)
sunnan (adv.): (from the) south

þingfrœkn ‘The battle-daring’

(not checked:)
þingfrœkn (adj.): [battle-daring]

jǫfurr ‘prince’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

Vǫlum ‘Valir’

(not checked:)
Valr (noun m.; °; -ir): Valr, ?horse

[6] Vǫlum: ‘valum’ or ‘volum’ corrected from ‘velum’ F

kennings

þunnum Vǫlum stinga
‘the slender Valir of rods ’
= SHIPS
the slender Valir of rods → SHIPS

notes

[6] Vǫlum ‘Valir <horses>’: For Valr in ship-kennings, see Note to Arn Hryn 19/4.

stinga ‘of rods’

(not checked:)
stingr (noun m.; °; -ir): rod

[6] stinga: so all others, ‘stindga’ E

kennings

þunnum Vǫlum stinga
‘the slender Valir of rods ’
= SHIPS
the slender Valir of rods → SHIPS

notes

[6] stinga ‘of rods’: Lit. ‘of that which stabs, sticks’. The word stingar (m. nom. pl.) is attested twice (see also SnSt Ht 73/7^III) and possibly refers to a set of parallel rods on a ship’s prow that were designed to keep warriors from boarding (see Falk 1912, 37, and LP: stingr = brandr).

herskip ‘warships’

(not checked:)
herskip (noun n.): warship

brendi ‘burned’

(not checked:)
3. brenna (verb; (weak, transitive)): to burn (weak, intr.)

hilmir ‘ruler’

(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

kennings

hyggjugegn hilmir grundar
‘the clever-minded ruler of the land ’
= Hákon
the clever-minded ruler of the land → Hákon

grundar ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
grund (noun f.): earth, land

kennings

hyggjugegn hilmir grundar
‘the clever-minded ruler of the land ’
= Hákon
the clever-minded ruler of the land → Hákon

hyggju ‘the clever’

(not checked:)
1. hyggja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): thought, mind

[8] hyggju: hjoggu 42ˣ, hygginn 8

kennings

hyggjugegn hilmir grundar
‘the clever-minded ruler of the land ’
= Hákon
the clever-minded ruler of the land → Hákon

gegn ‘minded’

(not checked:)
1. gegn (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-str): reliable

kennings

hyggjugegn hilmir grundar
‘the clever-minded ruler of the land ’
= Hákon
the clever-minded ruler of the land → Hákon

en ‘but’

(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and

líf ‘the lives’

(not checked:)
líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life

gaf ‘spared’

(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give

[8] gaf: fekk Flat

þegnum ‘of men’

(not checked:)
þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

The first helmingr refers to the battle of Låke (9 March 1240), fought between Skúli and his men and the Birkibeinar, led by Jarl Knútr Hákonarson. The Birkibeinar were routed in the battle and Knútr fled to Tønsberg. The second helmingr describes Hákon’s journey by ship to Trøndelag (February 1240) to confront Skúli there and check his growing power. Once Hákon arrived, he found that Skúli had fled south with 500 men, leaving behind many of his adherents, to whom Hákon granted clemency.

For the battle of Låke, see also Sturl Hákkv 10.

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