Ólhv Hryn 3II
Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 660-1.
Þing ‘an assembly’
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
[1] Þing stofnuðu: Enn þing stefndu 304ˣ
stofnuðu ‘called’
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stofna (verb): make, inflict, begin
[1] Þing stofnuðu: Enn þing stefndu 304ˣ
jǫfrar ‘lords’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
[1] jǫfrar ungir: so F, 325VIII 5 b, Flat, jǫfra runnar E, 42ˣ, 81a, 304ˣ
ungir ‘Young’
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ungr (adj.): young
[1] jǫfrar ungir: so F, 325VIII 5 b, Flat, jǫfra runnar E, 42ˣ, 81a, 304ˣ
jarl ‘the jarl’
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
veitti ‘gave’
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
ræsi ‘the king’
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ræsir (noun m.): ruler
[2] ræsi snarla: ræsis varla 42ˣ, ræsi snjalla 325VIII 5 b
snarla ‘quickly’
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1. snarla (adv.): quickly
[2] ræsi snarla: ræsis varla 42ˣ, ræsi snjalla 325VIII 5 b
hersar ‘hersar’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
[3] hersar: so F, 42ˣ, 81a, 304ˣ, hersa E, hersir 325VIII 5 b, Flat
notes
[3] hersar: This term is used synonymously with lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ in st. 2/6 above to refer to the king’s liegemen. The interchangeability of the terms is mentioned in Skáldskaparmál (SnE 1998, I, 80): ok er þat háttr konunga at setja þar réttara yfir svá mǫrg heruð sem hann gefr vald yfir ok heita þeir hersar eða lendir menn í Danskri tungu ‘and it is the kings’ custom to appoint judicial administrators over as many herǫð as he delegates power over, and these are called hersar or lendir menn in the Scandinavian language’.
báru ‘brought’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
[3] báru: ‘bar þa’ corrected from ‘bꜳ þu’ Flat
hilmi ‘ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
dýran ‘the worthy’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
[3] dýran: snjallan 42ˣ
hjaldrs ‘battle’
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle
fýstu ‘were eager for’
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fýsa (verb): desire, encourage
þeir ‘they’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
sakar ‘charges’
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
[4] sakar: sakir 42ˣ, 304ˣ, Flat
kaldar ‘hostile’
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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold
Alt ‘entire’
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allr (adj.): all
lagði ‘put’
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leggja (verb): put, lay
þá ‘then’
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2. þá (adv.): then
kennings
Frǫmuðr frægða‘The promoter of glorious deeds ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
The promoter of glorious deeds → WARRIOR = Skúli
frægða ‘of glorious deeds’
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frægð (noun f.): fame
kennings
Frǫmuðr frægða‘The promoter of glorious deeds ’
= WARRIOR = Skúli
The promoter of glorious deeds → WARRIOR = Skúli
fekk ‘attained’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
sætt ‘reconciliation’
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sætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
[6] sætt af því: sætt af F, ‘svor a þvi’ 42ˣ, af því 81a
því ‘this’
[6] sætt af því: sætt af F, ‘svor a þvi’ 42ˣ, af því 81a
kennings
stillir rekka‘the leader of men ’
= RULER = Skúli
the leader of men → RULER = Skúli
kennings
stillir rekka‘the leader of men ’
= RULER = Skúli
the leader of men → RULER = Skúli
snildar ‘of the eloquent’
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snilld (noun f.; °-ar): eloquence, courage
[7] snildar skýrs ok seldi várar: seldi af því sendir 81a, snildar skýrs ok síðan seldi 304ˣ; snildar: so F, 42ˣ, 325VIII 5 b, Flat, ‘sialldar’ E
kennings
snildar skýrs lituðs stála‘of the eloquent reddener of weapons ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the eloquent reddener of weapons → WARRIOR = Hákon
notes
[7] snildar skýrs ‘eloquent’: Lit. ‘clear of eloquence’. The adj. skýrs ‘clear’ (m. gen. sg.) agrees with lituðs (m. gen. sg.) ‘reddener’ (l. 8), and so snildar skýrs ‘eloquent’ is taken with lituðs stála ‘reddener of weapons’ i.e. ‘warrior’ (l. 8) to refer to Hákon. The Flat variant skýrr (m. nom. sg.) ‘clear’ agrees with stillir (m. nom. sg.) ‘leader’ (l. 6), thereby associating snildar skýrr ‘eloquent’ with stillir rekka ‘leader of men’ i.e. ‘ruler’ (l. 6) in reference to Skúli. Though it is syntactically simpler and contextually preferable to assign the epithet ‘eloquent’ to Skúli, since he is the one pleading his case, the Flat variant appears to be a lectio facilior. See also NN §2279.
skýrs ‘’
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skýrr (adj.): clear
[7] snildar skýrs ok seldi várar: seldi af því sendir 81a, snildar skýrs ok síðan seldi 304ˣ; skýrs: styrs F, skýrr Flat
kennings
snildar skýrs lituðs stála‘of the eloquent reddener of weapons ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the eloquent reddener of weapons → WARRIOR = Hákon
notes
[7] snildar skýrs ‘eloquent’: Lit. ‘clear of eloquence’. The adj. skýrs ‘clear’ (m. gen. sg.) agrees with lituðs (m. gen. sg.) ‘reddener’ (l. 8), and so snildar skýrs ‘eloquent’ is taken with lituðs stála ‘reddener of weapons’ i.e. ‘warrior’ (l. 8) to refer to Hákon. The Flat variant skýrr (m. nom. sg.) ‘clear’ agrees with stillir (m. nom. sg.) ‘leader’ (l. 6), thereby associating snildar skýrr ‘eloquent’ with stillir rekka ‘leader of men’ i.e. ‘ruler’ (l. 6) in reference to Skúli. Though it is syntactically simpler and contextually preferable to assign the epithet ‘eloquent’ to Skúli, since he is the one pleading his case, the Flat variant appears to be a lectio facilior. See also NN §2279.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
[7] snildar skýrs ok seldi várar: seldi af því sendir 81a, snildar skýrs ok síðan seldi 304ˣ
seldi ‘gave’
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4. selja (verb): hand over, sell, give
[7] snildar skýrs ok seldi várar: seldi af því sendir 81a, snildar skýrs ok síðan seldi 304ˣ
várar ‘pledges’
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2. vári (noun m.): [pledges]
[7] snildar skýrs ok seldi várar: seldi af því sendir 81a, snildar skýrs ok síðan seldi 304ˣ; várar: so 325VIII 5 b, ‘vara’ E, vára F, ‘vora’ 42ˣ, varrar Flat
sitt ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
mál ‘case’
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
í ‘into’
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í (prep.): in, into
[8] í kné: om. 81a, 325VIII 5 b, konungi written in the left margin Flat
notes
[8] í kné ‘into the hands’: Lit. ‘onto the knees’.
kné ‘the hands’
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kné (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. knjá): knee, lap
[8] í kné: om. 81a, 325VIII 5 b, konungi written in the left margin Flat
notes
[8] í kné ‘into the hands’: Lit. ‘onto the knees’.
lituðs ‘reddener’
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lituðr (noun m.): colourer
[8] lituðs: litaðs E, 42ˣ, 81a, 304ˣ, lituðr F, Flat, om. 325VIII 5 b
kennings
snildar skýrs lituðs stála‘of the eloquent reddener of weapons ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the eloquent reddener of weapons → WARRIOR = Hákon
notes
[8] lituðs ‘of the reddener’: Nomen agentis from lita ‘redden, colour’. The emendation is necessary for the warrior-kenning lituðs stála ‘of the reddener of weapons’.
stála ‘of weapons’
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
[8] stála: om. 325VIII 5 b
kennings
snildar skýrs lituðs stála‘of the eloquent reddener of weapons ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
the eloquent reddener of weapons → WARRIOR = Hákon
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Young lords called an assembly; hersar brought hostile charges against the worthy ruler; they were eager for battle; the jarl gave the king replies quickly. The promoter of glorious deeds [WARRIOR = Skúli] then put his entire case into the hands of the eloquent reddener of weapons [WARRIOR = Hákon] and gave pledges; by this the leader of men [RULER = Skúli] attained reconciliation.
Hákon and his followers brought charges against Skúli at an assembly in Bergen, and Skúli defended himself with a long, clever speech. A reconciliation between Hákon and Skúli was effected by the archbishop and bishops in attendance there.
See also Anon (Hák) 2.
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