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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Ólhv Hryn 2II

Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 659-60.

Óláfr hvítaskáld ÞórðarsonHrynhenda
123

Orð ‘word’

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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word

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sendi ‘sent’

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senda (verb): send

[1] sendi: seldi Flat

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þá ‘then’

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2. þá (adv.): then

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jǫfri ‘prince’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kennings

víða lendum jǫfri Þrœnda;
‘the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; ’
   = Skúli

the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; → Skúli

notes

[1] jǫfri Þrœnda ‘prince of the Þrœndir [= Skúli]’: Skúli’s power was centralised in Trøndelag, while Hákon had strong support in Bergen and Oslo.

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Þrœnda ‘of the Þrœndir’

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Þrœndr (noun m.; °; þrǿndir/þrǿndr): people from Tröndelag

[1] Þrœnda: om. 81a

kennings

víða lendum jǫfri Þrœnda;
‘the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; ’
   = Skúli

the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; → Skúli

notes

[1] jǫfri Þrœnda ‘prince of the Þrœndir [= Skúli]’: Skúli’s power was centralised in Trøndelag, while Hákon had strong support in Bergen and Oslo.

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afrendr ‘The valiant’

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afrendr (adj.; °compar. -ari): powerful

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konungr ‘king’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

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víða ‘the wide’

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víðr (adj.): far

kennings

víða lendum jǫfri Þrœnda;
‘the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; ’
   = Skúli

the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; → Skúli
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lendum ‘landed’

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lendr (adj.): landed

[2] lendum: ‘londum’ 42ˣ

kennings

víða lendum jǫfri Þrœnda;
‘the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; ’
   = Skúli

the wide-landed prince of the Þrœndir; → Skúli
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fólkprúðr ‘the battle-brave’

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folkprúðr (adj.): [battle-brave]

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keyrði ‘led’

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keyra (verb): drive, whip, fling

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flota ‘fleet’

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floti (noun m.): fleet

[3] flota: flota svá Flat

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flugu ‘flew’

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fljúga (verb): fly

[4] flugu: ‘fludu’ 304ˣ, flugu þá Flat

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borð ‘the ship-planks’

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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[4] borð: borg F

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of ‘across’

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3. of (prep.): around, from; too

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haf ‘the sea’

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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea

[4] haf stillir: stillir 304ˣ, hafit Flat

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stillir ‘ruler’

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stillir (noun m.): ruler

[4] haf stillir: stillir 304ˣ, hafit Flat

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norðan ‘from the north’

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norðan (adv.): from the north

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Fyrðar ‘People’

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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man

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mæltu ‘spoke’

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1. mæla (verb): speak, say

[5] mæltu: mæla 304ˣ

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á ‘against’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

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sem ‘’

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sem (conj.): as, which

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harðast ‘very harshly’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

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hófsk ‘there arose’

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hefja (verb): lift, start

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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ǫnn ‘trouble’

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1. ǫnn (noun f.): concern, worry

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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af ‘from’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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því ‘this’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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lendum ‘for the district’

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lendr (adj.): landed

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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mǫnnum ‘chieftains’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

[6] mǫnnum: om. 81a

notes

[6] af því hófsk ǫnn lendum mǫnnum ‘from this there arouse trouble for the district chieftains’: Skúli expressed his disfavour to the king’s lendir menn ‘district chieftains’ who had spoken against him in Bergen (see Note to st. 3/3 below). After Skúli usurped the throne of Norway in 1239, he arranged for the death of all the king’s liegemen that his forces could reach. For lendir menn, see also Note to Þham Magndr 1/6-7.

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errinn ‘the bold’

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errinn (adj.): bold

[7] errinn: so all others, œrrinn E

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með ‘with’

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með (prep.): with

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herskip ‘warships’

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herskip (noun n.): warship

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harri ‘lord’

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1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

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Hákarla ‘Hákarla’

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hákarl (noun m.): [Hákarla] < Hákarlastrǫnd (noun f.)

[8] Hákarla‑: ‘harla’ 304ˣ

notes

[8] Hákarlastrǫnd: Lit. ‘Shark-beach’, extending from Nordnespynten to Tollboden in Bergen.

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strǫnd ‘strǫnd’

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strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore < Hákarlastrǫnd (noun f.)

notes

[8] Hákarlastrǫnd: Lit. ‘Shark-beach’, extending from Nordnespynten to Tollboden in Bergen.

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frǫmum ‘the excellent’

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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost

[8] frǫmum: fyr aumum 42ˣ, frá mínum 304ˣ

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

In 1233, Hákon invited Jarl Skúli Bárðarson to Bergen in order to discuss tensions that had arisen between their followers.  Skúli sailed from Trondheim to Bergen with his fleet, but when he arrived at the landing docks, he found them already crowded by the king’s ships.  He was forced to moor his fleet elsewhere, where it was badly damaged by storms.

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