Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 12

Lauren Goetting

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Ólhv Hryn 12^II

Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 12’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 669-70.

Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson Hrynhenda

11 12

[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A [1] stœrðir: stœrðar F

ógn ‘terror’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnsveipandi (noun m.)

[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A

kennings

ógnsveipanda
‘terror-spreader ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
terror-spreader → WARRIOR = Hákon

sveipanda ‘spreader’

(not checked:)
sveipandi (noun m.): [spreader] < ógnsveipandi (noun m.)

[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A [2] ‑sveipanda: so 8, ‑sveipinna E, F, 81a, 8, Flat, ‑svipanna 42ˣ

kennings

ógnsveipanda
‘terror-spreader ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon
terror-spreader → WARRIOR = Hákon

blóðgum ‘with bloody’

(not checked:)
blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody

notes

[2] blóðgum greipum ‘with bloody hands’: It is preferable with regard to syntax to construe this with the first cl., though it could also be construed with the the second cl. (so Skj B) (see Kuhn 1983, 202-4).

greipum ‘hands’

(not checked:)
greipr (noun m.): grip, hands

[2] greipum: sverðum 55 A

notes

hirð ‘retinue’

(not checked:)
hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue

sótti ‘attacked’

(not checked:)
sœkja (verb): seek, attack

þar ‘there’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

hvǫss ‘the fierce’

(not checked:)
hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp

[3] hvǫss: horsk 55 A, hraust F, ‘huerss’ 81a, ‘huo᷎rs’ 8, hress Flat

at ‘at’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

garði ‘the churchyard’

(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard

[3, 4] garði harrar tveir: ‘ga[...]’ 55 A

harrar ‘lords’

(not checked:)
1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

[3, 4] garði harrar tveir: ‘ga[...]’ 55 A [4] harrar: herrar E, F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat

tveir ‘two’

(not checked:)
tveir (num. cardinal): two

[3, 4] garði harrar tveir: ‘ga[...]’ 55 A

af ‘with’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

drengskap ‘bravery’

(not checked:)
drengskapr (noun m.): [bravery, manliness]

notes

[4] drengskap ‘bravery’: It is difficult to capture the full sense of drengskapr in translation. The word connotes uprightness, nobility, and bravery, and was central to the expression of courtly behaviour in the C13-14th. Its use in poetry, however, is restricted to the present st. and Anon Heil 20/2^VII. Here and throughout the poem, Óláfr is careful not to impugn the actions of either of the rivals for the throne. Rather, he praises both contenders and emphasises the courage and uprightness of both with the word drengskapr.

meira ‘more’

(not checked:)
meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most

Undan ‘away’

(not checked:)
undan (adv.): away, away from

reið ‘rode’

(not checked:)
1. ríða (verb): ride

sás ‘who’

(not checked:)
sás (conj.): the one who

[5] sás (‘sá er’): sá 81a

fremstr ‘foremost’

(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost

[5] fremstr vas fundinn: ‘f[...]’ 55 A

vas ‘was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[5] fremstr vas fundinn: ‘f[...]’ 55 A

fundinn ‘found’

(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet

[5] fremstr vas fundinn: ‘f[...]’ 55 A

fyrða ‘of the people’

(not checked:)
2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man

kennings

Gramr fyrða,
‘The leader of the people, ’
= RULER = Skúli
The leader of the people, → RULER = Skúli

gramr ‘The leader’

(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

Gramr fyrða,
‘The leader of the people, ’
= RULER = Skúli
The leader of the people, → RULER = Skúli

at ‘among’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

jǫfnum ‘those of equal’

(not checked:)
jafn (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): even, just

byrðum ‘birth’

(not checked:)
byrðr (noun f.; °byrðar, acc. byrði/byrð(GrgKonᴵ 205¹¹); byrðar, acc. byrðar/byrðir): burden, load

[6] byrðum: burðum all

notes

[6] byrðum (f. dat. pl.) ‘birth’: The f. i-stem byrð ‘birth’ is much rarer in ON than its m. counterpart burðr ‘birth’ (all other cognates in Gmc are f.). However, in keeping with previous eds, burðum (so all mss) has been emended to byrðum in order to supply the full internal rhyme in l. 6 (fyrða : byrðum).

Sverris ‘Sverrir’s’

(not checked:)
Sverrir (noun m.): Sverrir

[7] Sverris: ‘sueriss’ 81a

kennings

ætt Sverris
‘Sverrir’s descendant ’
= Hákon
Sverrir’s descendant → Hákon

notes

[7] ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’: The word ætt in skaldic poetry may signify ‘family member’ or more specifically ‘descendant’ (see LP: ætt), whereas in prose it generally denotes ‘family’. The Sverrir mentioned in the circumlocution ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’ is Hákon’s paternal grandfather, King Sverrir Sigurðarson (d. 1202).

ætt ‘descendant’

(not checked:)
1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family

[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A

kennings

ætt Sverris
‘Sverrir’s descendant ’
= Hákon
Sverrir’s descendant → Hákon

notes

fekk ‘won’

(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive

[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A

sigr ‘victory’

(not checked:)
sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory

[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A

at ‘’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A

réttu ‘rightly’

(not checked:)
1. réttr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-u): right, entitlement

svá ‘so’

(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus

vildi ‘willed’

(not checked:)
vilja (verb): want, intend

guð ‘God’

(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God

framiðr ‘excellent’

(not checked:)
framaðr (adj.): [excellent]

[8] framiðr: framdr 42ˣ

mildi ‘in mercy’

(not checked:)
mildi (noun f.): generosity, mercy

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Skúli spurred his horse on toward Hákon’s standard, but one of his men caught the reins and held the horse back. The Birkibeinar threw spears at Skúli and nearly hit him.

For these events, see also Sturl Hákkv 18.

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Ólhv Hryn 12II

Aldri ‘Never’

bǫrðusk ‘fought’

afli ‘with strength’

stœrðir ‘empowered’

ógn ‘terror’

kennings

sveipanda ‘spreader’

kennings

blóðgum ‘with bloody’

notes

greipum ‘hands’

notes

hirð ‘retinue’

sótti ‘attacked’

þar ‘there’

hvǫss ‘the fierce’

at ‘at’

garði ‘the churchyard’

harrar ‘lords’

tveir ‘two’

af ‘with’

drengskap ‘bravery’

notes

meira ‘more’

Undan ‘away’

reið ‘rode’

sás ‘who’

fremstr ‘foremost’

vas ‘was’

fundinn ‘found’

fyrða ‘of the people’

kennings

gramr ‘The leader’

kennings

at ‘among’

jǫfnum ‘those of equal’

byrðum ‘birth’

notes

Sverris ‘Sverrir’s’

kennings

notes

ætt ‘descendant’

kennings

notes

fekk ‘won’

sigr ‘victory’

at ‘’

réttu ‘rightly’

svá ‘so’

vildi ‘willed’

guð ‘God’

framiðr ‘excellent’

mildi ‘in mercy’

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Ólhv Hryn 12^II