Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 12’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 669-70.
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aldri (adv.): never
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
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2. afl (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength
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stýra (verb): steer, control
[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A [1] stœrðir: stœrðar F
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnsveipandi (noun m.)
[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A
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sveipandi (noun m.): [spreader] < ógnsveipandi (noun m.)
[1, 2] stœrðir ógnsveipanda: ‘stǽr[...]’ 55 A [2] ‑sveipanda: so 8, ‑sveipinna E, F, 81a, 8, Flat, ‑svipanna 42ˣ
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blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
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þar (adv.): there
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
[3] hvǫss: horsk 55 A, hraust F, ‘huerss’ 81a, ‘huo᷎rs’ 8, hress Flat
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
[3, 4] garði harrar tveir: ‘ga[...]’ 55 A
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1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord
[3, 4] garði harrar tveir: ‘ga[...]’ 55 A [4] harrar: herrar E, F, 42ˣ, 81a, 8, Flat
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af (prep.): from
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drengskapr (noun m.): [bravery, manliness]
[4] drengskap ‘bravery’: It is difficult to capture the full sense of drengskapr in translation. The word connotes uprightness, nobility, and bravery, and was central to the expression of courtly behaviour in the C13-14th. Its use in poetry, however, is restricted to the present st. and Anon Heil 20/2VII. Here and throughout the poem, Óláfr is careful not to impugn the actions of either of the rivals for the throne. Rather, he praises both contenders and emphasises the courage and uprightness of both with the word drengskapr.
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
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undan (adv.): away, away from
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1. ríða (verb): ride
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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
[5] fremstr vas fundinn: ‘f[...]’ 55 A
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[5] fremstr vas fundinn: ‘f[...]’ 55 A
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2. fyrðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): man
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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jafn (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): even, just
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byrðr (noun f.; °byrðar, acc. byrði/byrð(GrgKonᴵ 205¹¹); byrðar, acc. byrðar/byrðir): burden, load
[6] byrðum: burðum all
[6] byrðum (f. dat. pl.) ‘birth’: The f. i-stem byrð ‘birth’ is much rarer in ON than its m. counterpart burðr ‘birth’ (all other cognates in Gmc are f.). However, in keeping with previous eds, burðum (so all mss) has been emended to byrðum in order to supply the full internal rhyme in l. 6 (fyrða : byrðum).
[7] ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’: The word ætt in skaldic poetry may signify ‘family member’ or more specifically ‘descendant’ (see LP: ætt), whereas in prose it generally denotes ‘family’. The Sverrir mentioned in the circumlocution ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’ is Hákon’s paternal grandfather, King Sverrir Sigurðarson (d. 1202).
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1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family
[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A
[7] ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’: The word ætt in skaldic poetry may signify ‘family member’ or more specifically ‘descendant’ (see LP: ætt), whereas in prose it generally denotes ‘family’. The Sverrir mentioned in the circumlocution ætt Sverris ‘Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon]’ is Hákon’s paternal grandfather, King Sverrir Sigurðarson (d. 1202).
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory
[7] ætt fekk sigr at: ‘[...]’ 55 A
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1. réttr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i/-u): right, entitlement
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svá (adv.): so, thus
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vilja (verb): want, intend
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
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mildi (noun f.): generosity, mercy
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Never have two lords, with bloody hands, empowered with strength, fought with more bravery; the fierce retinue of the terror-spreader [WARRIOR = Hákon] attacked there at the churchyard. The leader of the people [RULER = Skúli], who was found to be foremost among those of equal birth, rode away; Sverrir’s descendant [= Hákon] rightly won victory; God, excellent in mercy, willed it so.
Skúli spurred his horse on toward Hákon’s standard, but one of his men caught the reins and held the horse back. The Birkibeinar threw spears at Skúli and nearly hit him.
For these events, see also Sturl Hákkv 18.
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