Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 667.
(not checked:)
3. hallr (adj.): tilting, awry < hallgeislaðr (adj.)
[1] Hall‑: ‘Hatt‑’ 81a
[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.
(not checked:)
geisla (verb): [coloured, dazzled] < hallgeislaðr (adj.)
[1] ‑geislat: ‑gíslat F, ‘‑gilsar’ 42ˣ, ‘‑geírstad’ 81a, ‑geisat 8
[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.
(not checked:)
hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
[1] hvatt: so F, 81a, Flat, ‘buat’ E, hvatr 42ˣ, hart 8
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
(not checked:)
Ósló (noun f.): [Oslo]
(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle
[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.
(not checked:)
tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body
[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
(not checked:)
mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
[3, 4] þrungu saman ‘caused’: Lit. ‘forced together’.
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
[3] jǫfrar œstum: so F, 42ˣ, 8, Flat, jǫfra hæstum E, ‘lafrar æstum’ 81a
(not checked:)
œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
[3] jǫfrar œstum: so F, 42ˣ, 8, Flat, jǫfra hæstum E, ‘lafrar æstum’ 81a
(not checked:)
járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon < járnfaldinn (adj./verb p.p.): [iron-hooded]
[4] járn‑: jafn‑ Flat
(not checked:)
2. falda (verb): cover, clothe < járnfaldinn (adj./verb p.p.): [iron-hooded]
[4] ‑faldit: faldinn 81a
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
[3, 4] þrungu saman ‘caused’: Lit. ‘forced together’.
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
(not checked:)
skýfa (verb): cut, slash
[5] skýfðusk: so 81a, 8, Flat, ‘skipduz’ E, ‘skifðoz’ F, ‘sciptuz’ 42ˣ
(not checked:)
blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody
[5] blóðgar: ‘sblogdgar’ 81a
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
(not checked:)
2. bleikr (adj.): pale
(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall
(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person
(not checked:)
vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
(not checked:)
hlífarlauss (adj.): [without a shield]
[7] hlífarlauss ‘without a shield’: Hap. leg. Hlíf can mean ‘protection’ in general, or more specifically, as in this case, ‘shield’.
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
(not checked:)
gæfa (noun f.): luck, fortune
[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.
(not checked:)
syngja (verb): sing
(not checked:)
hjalt (noun n.; °; *-): hilt
[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.
(not checked:)
tunga (noun f.; °-u; -ur): tongue, language
[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The iron-helmed retinue bravely reddened brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS] in Oslo with the generous lord; the princes, incited, caused a fierce battle. Bloody shields were cut in two with swords; pale men fell to the field; the king fought successfully without a shield; gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS] sang.
The battle of Oslo, fought between the forces of Hákon and Skúli, took place at the churchyard of Hallvardskirken on 21 April 1240. Hákon, at the head of his army, urged his men to advance.
For this event in the battle of Oslo, see also Sturl Hákkv 14.
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.