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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Ólhv Hryn 10II

Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 667.

Óláfr hvítaskáld ÞórðarsonHrynhenda
91011

Hall ‘brilliant’

(not checked:)
3. hallr (adj.): tilting, awry < hallgeislaðr (adj.)

[1] Hall‑: ‘Hatt‑’ 81a

kennings

hallgeislat tungl hildar
‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle ’
   = SHIELDS

brilliant-coloured moons of battle → SHIELDS

notes

[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.

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geislat ‘coloured’

(not checked:)
geisla (verb): [coloured, dazzled] < hallgeislaðr (adj.)

[1] ‑geislat: ‑gíslat F, ‘‑gilsar’ 42ˣ, ‘‑geírstad’ 81a, ‑geisat 8

kennings

hallgeislat tungl hildar
‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle ’
   = SHIELDS

brilliant-coloured moons of battle → SHIELDS

notes

[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.

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rauð ‘reddened’

(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden

[1] rauð: fló Flat

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hvatt ‘bravely’

(not checked:)
hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave

[1] hvatt: so F, 81a, Flat, ‘buat’ E, hvatr 42ˣ, hart 8

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í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

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Ósló ‘Oslo’

(not checked:)
Ósló (noun f.): [Oslo]

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hildar ‘of battle’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle

kennings

hallgeislat tungl hildar
‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle ’
   = SHIELDS

brilliant-coloured moons of battle → SHIELDS

notes

[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.

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tungl ‘moons’

(not checked:)
tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body

kennings

hallgeislat tungl hildar
‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle ’
   = SHIELDS

brilliant-coloured moons of battle → SHIELDS

notes

[1, 2] hallgeislat tungl hildar ‘brilliant-coloured moons of battle [SHIELDS]’: The cpd hallgeislat is a hap. leg. consisting of hallr ‘stone, jewel, colour’ and geislat (adj., n. acc. sg., p. p. of geisla ‘beam, illuminate’) ‘illuminated’ (see LP: hallgeislaðr). Hallgeislat modifies tungl (n. acc. sg.), which is used here with a pl. meaning. For the custom of painting and ornamenting shields, see Falk 1914, 143-8.

Close

með ‘with’

(not checked:)
með (prep.): with

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skata ‘lord’

(not checked:)
skati (noun m.; °-a; -nar): chieftan, prince

[2] skata: skatna 81a

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ræstir ‘incited’

(not checked:)
ræsa (verb): incite, rush

[3] ræstir: ‘rꜹstír’ F

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þrungu ‘caused’

(not checked:)
þrøngva (verb): press, throng

[3] þrungu: ‘þrungðo’ F

notes

[3, 4] þrungu saman ‘caused’: Lit. ‘forced together’.

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jǫfrar ‘the princes’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

[3] jǫfrar œstum: so F, 42ˣ, 8, Flat, jǫfra hæstum E, ‘lafrar æstum’ 81a

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œstum ‘a fierce’

(not checked:)
œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher

[3] jǫfrar œstum: so F, 42ˣ, 8, Flat, jǫfra hæstum E, ‘lafrar æstum’ 81a

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járn ‘The iron’

(not checked:)
járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon < járnfaldinn (adj./verb p.p.): [iron-hooded]

[4] járn‑: jafn‑ Flat

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faldit ‘helmed’

(not checked:)
2. falda (verb): cover, clothe < járnfaldinn (adj./verb p.p.): [iron-hooded]

[4] ‑faldit: faldinn 81a

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lið ‘retinue’

(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop

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saman ‘’

(not checked:)
saman (adv.): together

[4] saman: ‘samam’ 81a

notes

[3, 4] þrungu saman ‘caused’: Lit. ‘forced together’.

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hjaldri ‘battle’

(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle

[4] hjaldri: haldit Flat

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Brǫndum ‘with swords’

(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire

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skýfðusk ‘were cut in two’

(not checked:)
skýfa (verb): cut, slash

[5] skýfðusk: so 81a, 8, Flat, ‘skipduz’ E, ‘skifðoz’ F, ‘sciptuz’ 42ˣ

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blóðgar ‘Bloody’

(not checked:)
blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody

[5] blóðgar: ‘sblogdgar’ 81a

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bleikir ‘pale’

(not checked:)
2. bleikr (adj.): pale

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fellu ‘fell’

(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall

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menn ‘men’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person

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at ‘to’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[6] at: á F, 42ˣ, 8, Flat

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hlífarlauss ‘without a shield’

(not checked:)
hlífarlauss (adj.): [without a shield]

notes

[7] hlífarlauss ‘without a shield’: Hap. leg. Hlíf can mean ‘protection’ in general, or more specifically, as in this case, ‘shield’.

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‘fought’

(not checked:)
1. vega (verb): strike, slay

[7] vá: var F, 42ˣ

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gramr ‘the king’

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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler

Close

með ‘’

(not checked:)
með (prep.): with

[7] með: við 42ˣ

notes

[7] með gæfu ‘successfully’: Lit. ‘with good fortune’ (see NN §2280).

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gæfu ‘successfully’

(not checked:)
gæfa (noun f.): luck, fortune

notes

[7] með gæfu ‘successfully’: Lit. ‘with good fortune’ (see NN §2280).

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gyltar ‘gilded’

(not checked:)
2. -gyltr (adj.): [gilded]

[8] gyltar: gyldar Flat

kennings

gyltar tungur hjalta
‘gilded tongues of hilts ’
   = SWORDS

gilded tongues of hilts → SWORDS

notes

[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.

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sungu ‘sang’

(not checked:)
syngja (verb): sing

Close

hjalta ‘of hilts’

(not checked:)
hjalt (noun n.; °; *-): hilt

kennings

gyltar tungur hjalta
‘gilded tongues of hilts ’
   = SWORDS

gilded tongues of hilts → SWORDS

notes

[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.

Close

tungur ‘tongues’

(not checked:)
tunga (noun f.; °-u; -ur): tongue, language

kennings

gyltar tungur hjalta
‘gilded tongues of hilts ’
   = SWORDS

gilded tongues of hilts → SWORDS

notes

[8] gyltar tungur hjalta ‘gilded tongues of hilts [SWORDS]’: Cf. Kári Lv 3/5-6V hátungur hjalta ‘long tongues of hilts’ i.e. ‘swords’. The present kenning for ‘sword’, which contains the base-word ‘tongue’, is an artful reversal of the more common practice of referring to the tongue with the base-word ‘sword’ (see Guðrún Nordal 2001, 252). The latter is described in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 108): tunga er opt kǫlluð sverð máls eða munns ‘the tongue is often called sword of speech or mouth’.

Close

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

The battle of Oslo, fought between the forces of Hákon and Skúli, took place at the churchyard of Hallvardskirken on 21 April 1240. Hákon, at the head of his army, urged his men to advance.

For this event in the battle of Oslo, see also Sturl Hákkv 14.

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